microbiology Flashcards
what is this
conjunctivitis
bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates bacteria
- gonorrhoea
- chlamydia
- staph aureus
bacterial conjunctivitis in other ages bacteria
- staph aureus
- strep pneumoniae
- haemophilus influenzae (especially in children)
treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
- swab sometimes
- can heal itself
- topical antibiotic usually chloramphenical (avoid if history of aplastic anaemia or allergy)
- drops over ointment
viruses that cause viral conjunctivitis
- adenovirus
- herpes simplex
- herpes zoster
what does this person have
adenoviral conjunctivitis
-more watery than bacterial
what is this
herpes simplex
-lesions on skin
what does this patient have
herpes zoster
-shingles
chlamydia conjunctivitis
- unresponsive to treatment
- may or may not have urethritis or vaginitis
- suspect bilateral in young adults
- need swab to confirm diagnosis
what can chlamydial conjunctivitis cause
subtarsal scarring if not treated which can lead to subchondral scarring
what is this
bacterial keratitis with hypopyon
- very thin cornea
- white cells and puss cells
common cause of bacterial keratitis with hypopyon
contact lenses
treatment for bacterial keratitis
hourly eyedrops
viral causes of keratitis
- herpes
- adenovirus
what is this
adenoviral keratitis
-subepithelial infiltrates
who gets fungal keratitis
people that work outside or have ocular surface disease
type of keratitis from contact lenses
acanthomoeba
-wear contact lenses in shower and get water in between then continue to wear contact lens
what stops spread of infection to the orbit in adults
the septum
what is this
preseptal cellulitis
risk with preseptal cellulitis in kids
will turn into orbital cellulitis as they have no septum for protection
what is this
endophthalmitis
- very red eye
- right threatening
- very painful
- infection inside of the eye
causes of endophthalmitis
usually post surgery
endophthalmitis organisms
most common staph epidermis
endophthalmitis treatment
intra-vitreal antibiotics
-refer rapidly
chorioretinitis
CMV in AIDS
-infective process in the retina
could also be asociated with bacterial endocarditis
toxoplasmosis
- protozoan infection
- contaminated soil and undercooked meat
- migrates to cornioretinal circulation
- mild flu like illness
- in immunocompetent patients it causes cysts
what happens if toxostamosis if passed onto a baby in pregnancy
baby will have no central vision at all
what is this
toxocara
diagnosis of eye infections
- swab with anaesthetic eye drop for conjunctivitis
- for cornea and inside eye - scrapings from cornea and injection to aspirate fluid from inside the eye
what does chloamphenicol do
inhibits peptidyl transferase enzyme
side effects of chloramphenicol
- allergy
- grey baby syndrome
- irreversible aplastic anaemia
what shouldn’t you use on viral infections
steroids
whats happened here
steroids have been used on a viral infection
treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis
topical oxytetracycline
treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis (gonorrhoea)
single dose injection of 1g ceftriaxone
single dose of azithromycin
