microbiology

Question 1

what is this

Answer 1

conjunctivitis

Question 2

bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates bacteria

Answer 2

• gonorrhoea
• chlamydia
• staph aureus

Question 3

bacterial conjunctivitis in other ages bacteria

Answer 3

• staph aureus
• strep pneumoniae
• haemophilus influenzae (especially in children)

Question 4

treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 4

• swab sometimes
• can heal itself
• topical antibiotic usually chloramphenical (avoid if history of aplastic anaemia or allergy)
• drops over ointment

Question 5

viruses that cause viral conjunctivitis

Answer 5

• adenovirus
• herpes simplex
• herpes zoster

Question 6

what does this person have

Answer 6

adenoviral conjunctivitis

-more watery than bacterial

Question 7

what is this

Answer 7

herpes simplex

-lesions on skin

Question 8

what does this patient have

Answer 8

herpes zoster

-shingles

Question 9

chlamydia conjunctivitis

Answer 9

• unresponsive to treatment
• may or may not have urethritis or vaginitis
• suspect bilateral in young adults
• need swab to confirm diagnosis

Question 10

what can chlamydial conjunctivitis cause

Answer 10

subtarsal scarring if not treated which can lead to subchondral scarring

Question 11

what is this

Answer 11

bacterial keratitis with hypopyon

• very thin cornea
• white cells and puss cells

Question 12

common cause of bacterial keratitis with hypopyon

Answer 12

contact lenses

Question 13

treatment for bacterial keratitis

Answer 13

hourly eyedrops

Question 14

viral causes of keratitis

Answer 14

• herpes

- adenovirus

Question 15

what is this

Answer 15

adenoviral keratitis

-subepithelial infiltrates

Question 16

who gets fungal keratitis

Answer 16

people that work outside or have ocular surface disease

Question 17

type of keratitis from contact lenses

Answer 17

acanthomoeba

-wear contact lenses in shower and get water in between then continue to wear contact lens

Question 18

what stops spread of infection to the orbit in adults

Answer 18

the septum

Question 19

what is this

Answer 19

preseptal cellulitis

Question 20

risk with preseptal cellulitis in kids

Answer 20

will turn into orbital cellulitis as they have no septum for protection

Question 21

what is this

Answer 21

endophthalmitis

• very red eye
• right threatening
• very painful
• infection inside of the eye

Question 22

causes of endophthalmitis

Answer 22

usually post surgery

Question 23

endophthalmitis organisms

Answer 23

most common staph epidermis

Question 24

endophthalmitis treatment

Answer 24

intra-vitreal antibiotics

-refer rapidly

Question 25

chorioretinitis

Answer 25

CMV in AIDS
-infective process in the retina

could also be asociated with bacterial endocarditis

Question 26

toxoplasmosis

Answer 26

• protozoan infection
• contaminated soil and undercooked meat
• migrates to cornioretinal circulation
• mild flu like illness
• in immunocompetent patients it causes cysts

Question 27

what happens if toxostamosis if passed onto a baby in pregnancy

Answer 27

baby will have no central vision at all

Question 28

what is this

Answer 28

toxocara

Question 29

diagnosis of eye infections

Answer 29

• swab with anaesthetic eye drop for conjunctivitis

- for cornea and inside eye - scrapings from cornea and injection to aspirate fluid from inside the eye

Question 30

what does chloamphenicol do

Answer 30

inhibits peptidyl transferase enzyme

Question 31

side effects of chloramphenicol

Answer 31

• allergy
• grey baby syndrome
• irreversible aplastic anaemia

Question 32

what shouldn’t you use on viral infections

Answer 32

steroids

Question 33

whats happened here

Answer 33

steroids have been used on a viral infection

Question 34

treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis

Answer 34

topical oxytetracycline

Question 35

treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis (gonorrhoea)

Answer 35

single dose injection of 1g ceftriaxone

single dose of azithromycin