PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

GOUT

Answer 1

Deposition of uric acid in great toe
Pain in the joints ,mainly ist torso palingeal joint
DOC FOR ACUTE GOAT::- NSAIDS
if steroids dont working use COLCHICINE
but cochicine can cause severe diarhea and myopathy
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GOUT
in chronic gout we should decrease uric acid in the body
For that,,,
1)decrease formation::-
DOC— ALLOPURINOL::- inhibit enzyme xanthine oxidase that convert xanthine to uric acid
Use FEBUXOSTAT ::- if patient is allergic to purines(ALLOPURINOL)
2)increase excretion::-
PROBENACID
LESINURAD
another type of drug are there ::that convert uric acid into allantoin (by URICASE)
RASBURICASE( short acting)
PEGLUTICASE(long acting)

Question 2

ANTI TUBERCULINE DRUG

Answer 2

Ist line drugs
P::pyruzinamide
R::rifampicin
I:isoniazid
E:ethambutol
ST::streptomycin

Question 3

RIFAMPICIN

Answer 3

Always given empty stomach
Secreted in bile ,dont go to kidney so safe in renal failure
Discloouration of secretions seen 
A)orange urin
B)orange tears
Can cause contact lens staining
Is an rna polymerase inhibitor
Mutation in rpo gene responsible for rifampicin resistent

Question 4

ISONIAZID

Answer 4

2 nd best drug in TB
2 major side effects
1)peripheral neuropathy
2) hepato toxicity
Resistence to isoniazid is caused by mutation in inh A kat G

Question 5

WHY ISONIAZID CAUSES PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

Answer 5

Isoniazid a drug of tb causes peripheral neuropathy because

Isoniazid causes defeciency of pyridoxine or vitamin b6

Question 6

PYRUZINAMIDE

Answer 6

3 rd choice of drug for TB

Can cause hyper uriseimia or gout

Question 7

ETHAMPUTOL

Answer 7

4th drug of choice for TB

Can cause colour blidness

Question 8

STREPTOMYCIN

Answer 8

Not used in tretment of TB nowdays
They can cause 
Nephrotoxic
Autotoxic
Neuromuscular block

Question 9

ANTI TUBERCULINE DRUG SAFE IN PREGNENCY

Answer 9

RIFAMPICIN
ISONIAZID
ETHAMPUTOL

Question 10

ANTI TUBERCULINE DRUGS HEPATO TOXIC

Answer 10

Ethambutol

Streptomycin

Question 11

GLOUCOMA

Answer 11

Increased IOP
OPTIC nerve damage
MANAGEMENT::—
We should decrease increased intra ocular preasure
For that we want to decrease aqous humour
We have 2 options:
1) decrease formation of aqous humour
For that we have to decrease blood flow to eye
Use drugs causing vasoconstriction of cilliary blood vessel
A)alpha agonist:— 
Dipenephrine
Apraclonidine
Brominidine
B) beta blocker::
Timolol
Betaxolol
2)increse outflow::-
Letanoprost
IF DRUGS ARE NOT WORKING THEN
ARGON LASER TRABECULOPLASTY
SELECTIVE LASER TRABECULO PLASTY
SURGERY:::trabeculotomy

Question 12

DRUG OF CHOICE FOR PRIMARY ANGLE GLOUCOMA

Answer 12

Letanoprost

Question 13

DIPINEPHRINE

Answer 13

It is an alpha agonist
Causes vasoconstriction
Used in gloucoma
It is a prodrug of epinephrine or adrenaline
Side effects::- causes black pigmentation of conjuctiva

Question 14

APRA CLONIDINE

Answer 14

Alpha agonist
Causes vaso construction
Used in gloucoma
Side efects::- lid retraction

Question 15

BROMINIDINE

Answer 15

Alpha agonist
Causes vasoconstriction
Used in gloucoma
Side effect::brain suppresion in babies

Question 16

LEPROSY

Answer 16

Treatment based on wheather pauci bacillery or multi bacillary leprosy
PAUCIBACILLARY LEPROSY::-
Skin lessions—-1-5
Nerve invovement—0-1
Bactereological index—<2
MULTIBACILLARY LEPROSY::—
Skin lesions—>6
Nerve involvement—>1
Bacteriological index— >2
Tretment for paucibacillery leprosy:-
RIFAMPICIN(600 mg once a month)
DAPSONE(100mg daily)
TREATMENT FOR MULTIBACILLARY LEPROSY::-
Rifampicin
Dapsone
     \+
Clofazamine

Question 17

OSTEOPOROSIS

Answer 17

A condition in which bone become weak and brittle
In osteoporosis ,new born creation doesnt keep up with old bone removal
Bone consist of mainly
1) OSTEOBLAST::—
Are those which builds the bone
They regulate the passage of ca in and out of bone
Osteoblast produce chemicals called prostaglandins and an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase enzyme
It also produces hydroxy apitite that make bone stronger
2)OSTEOCLASTS::-
They eatens up the bone so that it can be reshaped into stronger and resilent load bearing structure
OSTEOCYTES::-
Are cells inside the bone
As oateo blasts mature they become osteocytes
Osteocytes can sense preasures or cracks in the bone and help to direct where osteo clasts will disolve the bone

Question 18

TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Answer 18

1)stimulate osteoblast::—
PTH(parathyroid hormone) analogue::-TERIPARATIDE
2)inhibit osteoclast::—
BISPHOSPHANTES(doc)::-allen dronate, rise dronate,zolen dronate
SERM::selective estrogen receptor modulator(ramoxifen), stimulate estrogen on bone
DENOSUMAB
CALCITONIN
Vit d and calcium can be given
DUAL MODE(inhibit osteoclast ,stimulate osteoblast)
STRANTIUM RANELALE:— high chance of thromboembolism ,dont uses
RAMOSUZUMAB::-new drug ,it inhibit sclerostin