Fmge 1 Flashcards
SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
Joint infection leading to inflamation of joint
Symptoms are pain in single joint redness hear
Most common joint involved are knee>hip>shoulder>elbow
ROTATOR CUFF
4 muscles involved Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis Most common muscle involved subscapularis
CILIARY STAPHYLOMA
Bulge of weak sclera lined by ciliary body Causes are Thinnung of sclera by injury Scleritis Avsolute gloucoma
ABSORPTION FROM DUEDENAM,JEJJENUM,ILEUM
Jejennum —all major nutreints,folate
ileum—mg,vit b12,bile salt,maternal antibodies
Duedenam— all divalent cations exept mg,iron
TEMPORAL LOBE FUNCTIONS
Auditory and new memories
OCCIPITAL LOBE FUNCTIONS
Visual information,processing ,and recognition
PARIETAL LOBE FUNCTIONS
Somatic sensation from face and body
FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTIONS
Motor executions ,planning of appropraiate judging
FLUOXETINE
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Anti deppresent
For panic ,anxiety,obessive compulsive disorder
MIRTAZAPINE
Anti deppresent
Blocks 5-ht2 and 5ht3 receptors
It increase release of serotonin and noreepinephrine
BUPROPION
Is norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Inhibit enzyme involved in uptake of neurotransmitters epinephrine and dopamine from synaptic cleft
PMDD
Premature disphoric disorder
Severe form of pre menstural syndrome
Symptoms: mood swings,deppression,anxiety,fatigue,apetite changes,cramps,blaoting, headaches
Drug of choice is ssri
SSRI
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Anti deppresents Citalopram,escitalopram Fluoexetine,paroxetine, Sartraline
BENZODIAZEPINES
Cns deppresents that induce feeling of calm drowsiness And sleep They facilitate binding Of inhibiting neurotransmitter gaba At gaba receptor Clorzepate,chlordiozopoxide Alprozolam,estazolam Clonazepam,diazepam,lorazepam,florazepamo
TCA
Tricyclic anti deppresnts Increase level of noreepinephrine ,serotonin And block action of acetyl choline Clomipramine,imipramine,lofepramine Amitryptyline,nortriptyline
ABSENCE SEIZURES
Also called petit mall seizures
Charrectrised by paroxysmal loss of consiousness of abrupt onset
And trrmination
DRUGS CONTRAINDICATED IN
ABSENCE SEIZURES
Phenytoin,gapentine,
Carbemezapine,oxcarbazepine,
Vigabetrin,phenobarbital
Pregabalin,gapentine
DRUGS FOR ABSENCE SEIZURES
Ethosuximide,valproic acid,lamotrigine
RADICAL NECK NODE DISECTION STRUCTURES PRESERVED
Removal of cervical lymph nodes for oncolytic reasons Structures preserved are: Phrenic and vagus nerve Mandibular, Lingual Hypoglossal Cervical sympathetic chain Brachial plexus Carotid artery
RADICAL NECK NODE DISECTION STRUCTURES REMOVED
Sterno cleido mastoid muscle
Internal jugular vein
Spinal accesory nerve
BACTERIAL TOXINS INCREASING CAMP
Bordetella pertusis
Bacillus anthracis
Vibrio cholerae
Enterotoxigenic e coli
BACTERIAL TOXINS INCREASE CGMP
Enterotoxigenic e coli
BACTERIAL TOXINS INHIBIT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Diphtheria toxin elongation factor Psuedomonas elongation factor Clostridium difficle Ehec Shigella
PSA
Prostate specific antigen Elevated level may be sign of prostate cancer High psa indicates Inflammation of prostate Benign prostatic hyperplasia Urinary tract infection Along with psa do dre(digital rectal exam) Normal psa is 4.00 neogram
SYMPTOMS OF PROSTATE CANCER
Burning pain during urination
Loss of bladder controll
Painfull ejaculation
Swelling in legs or pelvic area
GASORELLIN
Used in suppress production of sex hormones in treatment of breast and prostate cancer
Injectable gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
STOMATOSTATIN
Known as somatotropin release inhibitory factor
They suppress release of gastro intestinal hormones
Inhibit pitutory glands secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone
Produced in pancreas and inhibits secretion of pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon
TELLIPRESSIN
Vadopressin agonist
Increases systemic vascular resistence
Used in management of hypotension when noreepinephrine fails
Drug similar to naturally occuring hormone adh or vassopressin
GNRH
Causes the pitutory gland in brain to make and secrete hormones leutinising hormone,and fsh. In men hormones cause testes to make testosterone in females they cause ovaries to make estrogen and progesterone
TREATMENT FOR ADVANCED BREAST CA
Combiantion of gnrh agonist ,gasorellin with peripheral orstrogen antagonist tamoxifen
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
2 effect on body
It causes narrowing of blood vessels (vasoconstriction) limiting blood flow to perticular area
It also acts on receptors in kidney to retain water in the body
MUSCLES INNERVATED BY MOTOR FIBERS OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
MY ANUS TEMPORALY MEETS TOILET Mylohyoid Antetior belly of diagastric muscle Tensor velli palatani Masticatory muscles Tensor tympani
BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE
TEN ZEBRAS BITE MY COCK TEMPORAL ZYGOMATIC BUCCAL MASSETERIC CERVICAL
SCALP NERVE SUPPLY
GLASS GREATER OCCIPITAL LESSER OCCIPITAL AURICULO TEMPORAL SUPRA TROCHLEAR SUPRA ORBITAL
BRANCHES OF IST PART OF MAXILLARY NERVE
DIAMA Deep auricular artery Inferior alveolar artery Anterior tympanic artery Accesory meningeal artery
MUSCLES INVOLVED IN ELBOW FLEXION
BBB
Biceps
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
HAND INTEROSIE MUSCLES
Palmar ad duct interosie
Dorsal AB duct interosie
WRIST BONES
SHE LIKES TO PLAY TRY TO CATCH HER scaphoid Lunate Triquetum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Captate Hamate
ANTIDOTE FOR MAGNESIUM SULPHATE
Ca glouconate
COMPONENTS OF 60s subunit of ribosome are
28 s
PLACENTOMEGALLY
An abnormally increased placental thickness
Seen in
Polyhydraminos
Fetal hydrops
Diabetes
Partial mole
Fetal growth restriction in placental mesenchymal dysplasia
CLINICAL DISTINCTION OF CAVERNOUS SINUS SYNDROME AND ORBITAL APEX SYNDROME
Is made by dysfuntion of optic nerve (CN2)
Optic nerve pases through optic canal and does not enter the cavernous sinus
Patients with orbital apex syndrome manifest complete opthalmoplegia,ptosis,decreased corneal sensation,and vision loss,
They usually develop optic nerve damage signs such as relative afferent puppillary defect
