Fmge2 Flashcards
CULTURE MEDIA
1) SMAC
2) WILSON AND BLAIR MEDIUM
3) POTTASIUM TELLURITE IN MCLEODS MEDIUM
4) DEOXY CHOLATE CITRATE AGAR
1) sarbito mac conkey medium: e.coli
2) salmonella typhi
3) coreynebacterium species
4) shigella salmonella e coli
DENOVANOSIS
Genital ulcerative disease caused by intracellular gram negative bacteria klebsheilla granulomatosis
Symptoms are one or more painless lumps in the genitalia,anal region
Lumps slowly get larger and then ulcerates ,bleed ,have rolled edge
MOST COMMON LYMPH NODE INVOLVED IN CA OF CERVIX
Obturator lymph node
FUNGAL INFECTION ACQUIRED BY TRAUMATIC INOCULATION
Sporothrix
URETHRITIS
Inflammation of urethra
Mainly caused by neiseria gonnorhea,chlamydia trachomatis,trichomonas
Sympt:burning sensation during urinating
Itching or burning near opening of penis
Presence of blood in semen or urine
Discharge from penis
Treatment: azithromycin,dicycyclin,ceftriaxone
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
Is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to perticular medication used during general anesthasia amoung those who are succeptible
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA SYMPTOMS
Hyperthermia,tachy cardia ,tachypnea(ventricular ectopy),increased co2 production,respiratory acidosis,increased oxygen consumption,muscle rigidity,rhamdomyolysis,hyperkalemia,elevated creatinine kinase,serum and urine myoglobin
MECHANISM OF MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
Person succeptible to MH, the ryanodine receptor in skeletal muscle is abnormal ,these interferes with regulation of calcium in muscle, this abnormal ryanodene receptor that controll calcium release causes build up of calcium in skeletal muscle leading massive metabolic reaction
WHICH IS THE MAIN TRIGGER FOR MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
The cause MH ARE USE of volatile anesthetic agents such as succinyl choline
TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT HYPER THERMIA
Dandrolene(2.5/kg)(dantrium,ryanodex,revonto)
TREATMENT OF ARYTHMIAS
Amiadarone,flecainide,ibutilide,
,lidocaine,procainamide,quinidine,propafenone
METAPROLOL
Selective beta beta receptor blocker
Used to treat high blood preasure,chest pain due to poor vlood flow to heart,heart failure, angina, used in maligannt hyperthermia
DILITAZEM
Calcium channel blocker, used to treat high blood preasure , angina and certain arythmias, it can also be used in hyperthyroidism if beta blockers cannot be used
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
Is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to perticular medication used during general anesthasia amoung those who are succeptible
BREAST FIBROCYTIC CHANGES
associated with hormonal imbalance (increased estrogen to progesterone ratio)
Decresed risk with oral contraceptives
They may be
Proliferative—:adenosis,hyperplasia
Non proliferative—:cysts
Proliferative fibrocytic change asoociated with increased risk of breast cancer
Fibrocytic change includes fibroadenomas ,fibrosis papilomas
X LINKED RECESIVE DISORDERS
Duchene muscular dystrophy
Wiskot aldrich syndrome
Lesch nyhan syndrome
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDERS
Freidreich ataxia Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Alkaptonuria Alpha anti trypsin defeciency Phenylketonuria Wilson disease
LARYE SIGN
Carotid body tumours causes splaying of internal and external carotid arteries
Seen on angiography
CAROTID BODY TUMOUR
Highly vascular glomus tumours that arise from the paraganglion cells of carotid body
Splaying of internal and external carotid artery seen
MEINERS DISEASE
Is a disorder of inner ear that can lead to dizzy spells (vertigo) and hearing loss Causes ringing sound in ear Stmptoms:: Vertigo Loss of hearing in effected ear Tinnitus(sensation of ringing) Aural fullness or feeling of ear plugged Loss of balance Headaches
TYPICAL OR SPECIFIC FEATURES OF MEINERS DISEASE
Aural fullness Fluctuating sensoneural deafness Fluctuating tinnitus Episodic vertigo Episodic tinnitus not pulsatile tinnitus Pulsatile tinnitus is caused from blood curculating near ear
A CASE OF CARCINOMA LARYNX
WITH INVOLVEMENT OF ANTERIOR COMMISURE AND RIGHT VOCAL CORD DEVELOPED PERICHONDRITIS OF THYROID CARTILAGE
MANAGEMENT
Undergo laryngectomy and then post operative radiotherappy
HYPERACUSIS IN BELLS PALSY IS DUE TO WHICH MUSCLE
Stapedius:—protective muscle in ear paralysed when 7th nerve damaged
BELLS PALSY
Temporary weaknes or paralysis of the muscles of face
Mal function of facial nerve(cranial nerve 7)
Most common form of facial paralysis
Paralysis proceeded by pain behind the ear
Presence of incomplete paralysis in ist week is the most favourable prognostic sign
MOST COMMON ETIOLOGICAL AGENT IN PARANASAL SINUS MYCOSES
Aspergillus spp
TREATMENT OF CHOICE IN 6 YR OLD CHILD WITH RECCURENT URTI WITH MOUTH BREATHING AND FAILURE TO GROW WITH HIGH ARCHED PALATE AND IMPAIRED HEARING
Adeneodectomy with grommet insertion
GROMMET INSERTION
Grommets are inserted into eardrums to allow air to pass in and out of middle ear and through ear drum ,this keeps air preasure on either side equal and prevents fluid from forming behind eardrum
HBSAG
Surface antigen of hepatitis b virus
Indicates current hepatitis b infection
HbsAG TEST is based on the immunochromatography assays
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION OCCURS WITHIN
48 hours
ONSET OF SYMPTOM AND FOOD POISIONING
1) CAMPHYLOBACTER
2) CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
3) CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGES
4) E COLI
5) GIARDIA LAMBLIA
6) HEPATITIS A
7) LISTERIA
8) NOROVIRUS
9) ROTA VIRUS
10) SALMONELLA
11) SHIGELLA
12) STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
13) VIBRIO VULNICUS
1) 2-5 days
2) 12-72 hours
3) 8-16 hours
4) 1-8 days
5) 1 -2 weeks
6) 28 days
7) 9-48 hours
8) 12-48 hours
9) 1-3 days
10) 1-3 days
11) 1-3 days
12) 1-6 hours
13) 1-7 days
PREDOMINANT CELL POPULATION IN INTRA EPITHELIAL REGION OF MUCOSA OF INTESTINE
T cells
MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOUR OF NASOPHARYNX
Juvenile nasipharyngeal angiofibroma
POISION CAUSING DELIRIUM
Dathura
SPECIMEN CONTAINING VIRAL PARTICLES PRESERVED IN
Glycerine
DRUGS THAT HAVE ACTION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR
GENTAMYCIN::- TETRACYCLINE(doxycycline,tetracycline)
is a1) protein synthesis inhibitor acting on 30 s ribosomal subunit within bacterial cells
2)protein synthesis inhibitor acting on 50 s subunit::
MACROLIDES::—-(clarithromycin,erythromycin)
CLINDAMYCIN
Linezolid
CLOREMPHENICOL
FUSIDIC ACID
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
BETA LACTAMS(penicills , cephalosporin,carbapenems,monobactem) NON BETA LACTAMS(glycopeptides,polymyxins)
FOLATE SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR DRUGS
TRIMETHOPRIM
SULPHONAMIDES
DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR DRUGS
Flouroquinoles(ciprofloxacin,levofooxacin)
METRONIDAZOLE
RNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR DRUGS
Rifampicin
