Pharmacology Flashcards
What do Anti-infective drugs do?
Kill or inhibit growth
What are the 4 pharmokinetics?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
What are some examples of anti-infective drugs? (general term)
antibacterial
antifungal
antiviral
What are Sedatives and Analgesics used for?
Reduce patient anxiety
Sedatives
Reduce pain
What is an example of a Sedative or Analgensic?
Opiods, corticosteroids, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
What are some examples of Cardiovascular drugs?
Antiarrythmics
diuretics
vasodilators
What are some examples of respiratory drugs?
antitussives
expectorants
bronchodilators
antihistamines
What are some examples of Gastrointestinal drugs?
Emetics Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrheals Antacids Antiulcer
How many tsp in a Tbsp?
3
How many Tbsp in a cup?
16
How many cups in a pint?
2
How many pints in a quart?
2
How many quarts in a gallon?
4
How many ounces in a cup?
8
How many lbs in a Kg?
2.2
How many ml in a tsp?
5
How many ml in a cup?
240
How many ml in an ounce?
30
What is the basic formula for a dosage calculation?
N=W/H Need+Want/Have
What is the definition of a drug?
Anything chemical that effects living processes
What is Pharmacokinetics?
The ability of organisms to process medications
What are the 4 processes of Pharmokinetics?
Absorption: into or across tissues
Distribution: through body
Metabolism: biotransformation of drug
Excretion: drug removed from body
Why is it important to check liver and kidney function before surgery?
Because they are responsible for excretion of the drug
What factors help you choose what antibacterial drug to prescribe?
Whether they are aerobic or anaerobic bacteria,
whether the cell wall is permeable,
and the shape
What are the 2 shapes of bacteria?
Rods and cocci
What are the antibacterial stains, and what do they show?
Gram+ means cell wall is permiable
Gram- means cell wall is not permeable
What are the 2 groups of fungal infections?
Ringworm eg infection on skin
Systemic: eg crypto coccus
What are some examples of analgesic?
Opiods, corticosteroids, NSAIDS
What does NSAID stand for?
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug
What is an example of an NSAID and what does it do?
Metacam, Aspirin, reduces inflammation.
What is the purpose of general anesthetic?
No sensation, awareness of feeling
Usually inhaled
Isoflurane, sevoflurane
What is an antitussive?
Cough suppressor
Codein, torbutrol
What is an expectorant?
Loosens phlegm, encourages coughing
What does a bronchodilator do?
Expands airway, for athsma
What are antihistamines used for?
Allergic reactions or to stop bleeding.
What is and emetic and antiemetic drug?
Emetic=induces vomitting
Antiemetic=prevents vomitting
What are some endocrine drugs?
Hormones, such as insulin or Thyroxin
What is Thyroxin used for?
Under active thyroid
What are the different drug classifications? (11)
Anti-infective Sedatives General Anesthetic Cardiovascular Respiratory Gastrointestinal Antiparasitic Endocrine Vaccine Topical Chemotherapeutic
What is a prescription drug?
Substance that needs to be prescribed and dispensed (rx)
What is an over the counter drug?
Does not require rx
What is a controlled drug?
records must be kept
high abuse potential
What is the Vet-Client-Patient relationship?
Vet=judge health of patient, need treatment, give proper treatment
Client=must agree and administer
What is an extra label?
When instructions in the rx are different than the labels, but are widely accepted
What are the different names a drug will have?
Chemical name=molecular structure
Generic name=drugs name
Brand/trade name
What are the routes of drug administration?
Oral (per os)
Parenteral (anything not in the GI tract)
What are the types of Parenteral drug administration? (6)
Subcutaneous Su Intravenous IV Intramuscular IM Intraperitoneal IP Intradermal ID Transdermal
What is a dosage form?
A form of prescription
What are the 3 checks for medication administration?
Check label when removing from shelf
Check label when removing drug from bottle
Check label when bottle returned to shelf
What are the 5 rights?
Right Patient Right drug Right dose Right route Right time/frequency
What information is found on the drug label?
Trade name Generic name (company name) Drug concentration Number or tablets/mls etc Expiry date/lot number Pr-for rx only
What information must be found on a prescription label?
Hospital name, address and phone # Veterinarians name Patient and client name Date Drug name, concentration, and amount dispensed Directions Expiry date DIN
What does SID mean?
Once a day
What does BID mean?
Twice a day (every 12 hours)
What does TID
3 times a day
What does QID mean?
4 times a day
What does h and q stand for?
h=hour
q=every
What does q2h mean?
every 2 hours
What does PO mean?
per os. Orally
