Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 6 nutrients?
Water Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Minerals Vitamens
What are the functions of Water?
essential for chemical reactions
digestion and transportation of nutrients
temperature regulation
What are the functions of Carbohydrates?
Ex:sugars, starches, fibre
Energy supply
Fight or flight
What are the types of fibre?
Soluble: digestible in monogastric stomach
Insoluble: Cannot be digested
What are the purposes of fibre?
Bulk up meals increase water content of injesta Helps constipation bulks up stool decreases calories in food
What are the purposes of proteins?
Regulate metabolism Form cell membranes Muscle growth Tissue Repair Enzyme and hormone production
What are essential proteins?
Body of that species cannot produce on its own
Ex Taurine in cats
What are the purposes of lipids?
Energy, digestion, metabolism
texture and palatability to food
What are minerals?
Inorganic compounds
Macro-need larger amounts
micro-need smaller amounts
What are some examples of Macro-Minerals
NaCl, K, Phosphorus, Ca (1:1) , Mg, Sulpur
What are some examples of Micro-minerals?
Iron, Nickel, Fluoride, Silicon, Arsenic
What are the 2 types of vitamins?
Water soluble: B,C
Fat soluble: A, D, E, K
What are the main points of Canine Nutrition?
Omnivores, scavengers and predators
puppies feed 3-4 times a day,
adults 2-3 times a day
What are the main points of Feline Nutrition?
Higher protein, lower carb
Continual Protein Catabolism
Graze
Multiple small meals
What is Continual Protein Catabolism?
Body continuously needs protein
Need to graze
Describe the different life stages of food
Development (puppy/kitten): proper Calcium for bone growth
Adult/Maintenance: maintain optimal weight and performance
Senior: easily digested protein, lower phosphorus levels
How long should dogs be feed puppy food?
Large breed puppies until 12-24 months depending on size
No younger than 5-6 weeks
Describe Obesity Food
Lower calorie
Higher fibre
possibly higher protein in cat
What are some causes of obesity?
Overfeeding Low activity Intact vs fixed Medical Condition Age
How do you assess body condition? (BCS)
Is there a tuck in abdomen? Run fingers on rib cage 5=perfect score 9=obese 1=emaciated
What factors determine an animal’s energy requirements?
Age,
Genetics
Breed
Sexual status
How do Food allergies/intolerances appear in cats and dogs?
Dogs: skin sometimes GI
Cats:mostly GI sometimes skin
What are some treatment options for Food allergies?
Novel protein source
Hydrolized protein
What are the 3 Types of diet choices?
Commercial:anything bought
Homemade
Veterinary:specialized prescription
What are the percentage rules and what do they have o display?
The percentage content of protein, fat, fibre and water
What is the nutritional adequacy statement?
AAFCO
Feeding Directions
Calorie Content (kcal) per cup
