Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSG 102 > Pharmacologic Principles > Flashcards

Pharmacologic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Topical route

A

skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how fast do topical powders/solutions work?

A

immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

do ointments/gels/creams have a local or systemic effect?

A

local, but some can be systemic (nitro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transdermal patches deliver a…

A

constant amount of medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how fast is absorption from inhaled meds?

A

fairly rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are suppositories?

A

a med put into the rectum or vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the enteral route absorbed

A

mucosa of the stomach, small, or large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

enteral is any form of medication the enters through…

A

the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

immediate release pills release…

A

all active ingredients quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extended release pills…

A

release slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

syrups

A

contain active ingredients and large amounts of sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

suspension/emulsion

A

powder mixed with liquid activates the medicine when shaken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

elixir

A

sweetened alcohol and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lozenges

A

never chewed or swallowed, placed in mouth & dissolves over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sublingual

A

placed under the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

parenteral

A

the fastest, any route other than GI tract (most common is IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

first-pass effect

A

breakdown of potency of a medication in liver, reduces bioavailability of drug to <100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

parenteral bypasses the…

A

first-pass effect on liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

topical also bypasses…

A

the first-pass effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what factors affect absorption?

A
  • ability for drug to dissolve/solubility
  • blood flow to administration site
  • body surface area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During biotransformation (metabolism), the drug is altered to a…

A

less active form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

half-life

A
  • time required for 50% of a drug to be removed from the body
  • after 5 half-lives, most drugs are considered eliminated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

steady state

A

amount of drug eliminated is equal to the amount of drug absorbed
(rate in = rate out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

onset

A

how quickly a medication will work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

peak

A

when the medication will reach maximum effectiveness (highest level in blood)

26
Q

trough

A

lowest level in blood

27
Q

duration

A

how long the pain relief will last

28
Q

absorption

A

movement of drug into the bloodstream

29
Q

mechanism of action

A

effects vary based on cell structure of the intended target

30
Q

drug-receptor interaction

A

drug receptor interaction is the joining of the drug molecule w/ a reactive site on the surface of a cell or tissue

31
Q

agonist

A

drug binds to receptor (ex. morphine will trigger all opioid receptors in the brain)

32
Q

antagonist

A

drug binds to receptor & has no response (ex. Narcan will block all opioids from attacking)

33
Q

acute therapy

A

needed to sustain life
ex. vasopressors, chemo

34
Q

maintenance therapy

A

prevents progression of a disease or condition
ex. BP meds, birth control

35
Q

supplemental therapy

A

provides body what it needs to function normally
ex. insulin

36
Q

palliative therapy

A

providing relief from symptoms, improving quality of life
ex. Tylenol for fever

37
Q

supportive therapy

A

maintains integrity of body function while recovering from surgery/trauma
ex. IVF or blood products

38
Q

prophylactic therapy

A

preventing an illness
ex. vaccines

39
Q

empiric therapy

A

symptoms of infection but do not have labs to confirm yet
ex. broad spectrum antibiotics

40
Q

tolerance

A

decreased response to repeated drug doses

41
Q

dependence

A

need for the drug

42
Q

psychological dependence

A

need for euphoric effect of the drug

43
Q

physiologic dependence

A

physical dependence; withdrawal symptoms

44
Q

foods/drinks that may interact with drugs

A

leafy greens, dairy, alcohol, grapefruit juice, wine, aged cheese

45
Q

additive effect

A

two drugs w/ similar action are given together. additive effect so smaller doses of each drug can be given (1+1=2)
ex. codeine & Tylenol

46
Q

synergistic effect

A

combined effects are greater than sum effect of each drug alone (1+1=>2)
ex. aspirin & warfarin = bleeding

47
Q

antagonistic effect

A

two drugs working together that will produce different effects. combined effect is less than sum effect of each drug given alone (1+1=<2)
ex. insulin & glucacon

48
Q

incompatibility

A

chemical deterioration of one or both drugs

49
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

unexpected reaction

50
Q

drug-drug interaction

A

when the presence of two or more drugs in the body produce unwanted effects (enhances or decreases)

51
Q

older adult lifespan considerations

A
  • decline in organ function
  • more likely to result in adverse effects & toxicity
  • polypharmacy
  • not enough pills due to finances
52
Q

polypharmacy

A

taking five or more meds each day

53
Q

drug polymorphism

A

slow or rapid acetylators, effects on a patient’s age, gender, body comp on pharmocokinetics

54
Q

disadvantages to OTC meds

A
  • delay in treatment
  • treating symptoms; not the cause
  • cost
  • patient education
55
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

A

intended use & effect of the drug

56
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

mechanisms of the drug

57
Q

areas with the biggest blood supply

A

heart, liver, kidneys, brain

58
Q

areas with slower distribution

A

muscle & fat

59
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what happens to the drug when it enters, travels through, & leaves the body

60
Q

routes of parenteral administration

A

intravenous, intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous

NSG 102 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions