Pharmaceuticals (21-40) Flashcards
Latanoprost
C: prostaglandin F2 analog
A: decreases IOP by increasing fluid outflow
I: primary open angel glaucoma
SE: conjunctival hyperemia, changes to iris pigmentation, thick darkened eyelashes
CI: uveitis, macular edema, HSV keratitis
Intx: other prostaglandin analogs
Triple antibiotic therapy
C: Antibiotic
A: bacitractin + neomycin + polymyxin B
I: ophthalmic infections in cornea and conjunctiva
SE: conjunctival/cutaneous sensitivity, ocular toxicity
CI: deep seated ocular infx
Pseudoephedrine (oral), Oxymetazoline (topical)
C: Decongestants
A: sympathomimetic - blood vessel constriction
I: allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion for any issue
SE: HTN, tachycardia, rebound congestion if use over 7 days, CNS over stimulation sx
CI: severe HTN, CAD, kids younger than 6
Intx: other sympathomimetics and agents that increase effects of sympathomimetics
Diphenhydramine (Benadryll)
C: Antihistamine
A: central H1 receptor antagonist - CROSSES BBB and anticholinergic
I: allergic rhinitis (not helpful for congestion), insomnia, motion sickness
SE: drowsiness, anticholingergic effects
CI: BPH, GI/GU obstruction, glaucoma *AVOID DRIVING
Intx: synergy with other anticholingergics, MAO and CNS depressants
Hydroxyzine
C: Antihistamine
A: central H1 antagonist that crosses BBB
I: allergic rhinitis (not helpful for congestion), insomnia, motion sickness
SE: drowsiness, anticholingergic effects
CI: BPH, GI/GU obstruction, glaucoma *AVOID DRIVING
Intx: synergy with other anticholingergics, MAO and CNS depressants
Loratidine (Claritin)
C: Antihistamine
A: central H1 antagonist that crosses BBB
I: allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis (not helpful for congestion), allergic skin conditions, seasonal allergies
SE: headache
CI: other QT prolongation drugs, macrolides, synergy with anticholinergics and CNS depressants
Epinephrine (adrenalin)
C: sympathomimetics
A: sympathetic adrenergic agonist (alpha and beta)
I: anaphylaxis, asthma attack, cardiac arrest
SE: tachycardic arrythmias, v fib, HTN, angina
CI: arrthymias, atherosclerosis of coronary artery, DM, hyperthyroidism, epilepsy, glaucoma
Intx: tamsulosin, antihypertensives, MAOs, synergy with other sympathomimetics
KNOW that there is two different epi solutions
1 mg/mL = 1:1000 solution AND 0.1 mg/mL = 1:10,000 solution
Bromocriptine
C: Dopamine receptor agonist
A: inhibits glutamate GLT1 transporter
I: PD, DM2, restless leg syndrome. high prolactin levels
SE: Raynauds syndrome, cardiac valve and pulmonary fibrosis, impulse control disorders
*hallucinations, orthostatic hypOtension
USP Thyroid
C: hormone replacement
A: replaces thyroid gland secretions - T3, T4, DIT, MIT
I: hypOthyroidism and post-thyroidectomy
SE: palpitations, tremor
CI: acute MI, thyrotoxicosis without hypothyroidism
Intx: cholestyramine, Ca, Iron, estrogens and OCPs, anticoagulants, decreases insulin and hypoglycemics
Levothyroxine (T4)
C: Hormone
A: replaces T4 = increases T3
I: hypOthyroidism
SE: palpitations, tremor
CI: acute MI, thyrotoxicosis without hypothyroidism
Intx: cholestyramine, Ca, Iron, estrogens and OCPs, anticoagulants, decreases insulin and hypoglycemics
Liothyronine (T3)
C: Hormone
A: replaces T3
I: hypOthyroidism
CI: acute MI, thyrotoxicosis without hypothyroidism
Intx: cholestyramine, Ca, Iron, estrogens and OCPs, anticoagulants, decreases insulin and hypoglycemics
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
C: TPO inhibitor
A: blocks formation of T4 to T3 in thyroid and blocks 5’ deiodinase and conversion in periphery
I: hypERthyroidism and thyroid stom
SE: FDA WARNING = CAN CAUSE FATAL LIVER INJURY - USE METHIMAZOLE OR OTHER TX
Liraglutide
C: GLP1 analog (long acting)
A: increases glucose -dependent insulin secretion = decreases glucagon secretion = increases B cell growth = slows gastic emptying = decreases food intake
**Decreases HgA1c by 1%
I: DM2, weight management
SE: thyroid c-cell tumor, increase HR and SI
CI: fhx of medullary thyroid carcinoma and endocrine neoplasia syndrome
Intx: MANY, agents that compound nephrotoxicity
Canagliflozin
C: antidiabetic - third line
A: SGLT2 inhibition = increases urinary glucose excretion
I: DM2
SE: increased risk of foot and leg amputation, kidney impairment/failurem high potassium, hypOglycemia and hypOtension
CI: pregnancy, DM1, DM ketoacidosis, kidney issues
Intx: many
Glyburide
C: Antidiabetic
A: insuliin secretagogue = increases peripheral glucose utilization = decreases liver glucose production
I: DM2
SE; hypoglycemia - WORSE OF ALL hypoglycemics
CI: DM1 and hypoglycemia
Intx: disulfiram-like rxn, hypoglycemia with anticoagulants, etc.
