Pharmaceuticals (141-160) Flashcards
Nicotine - transdermal patch
C: stimulant
A: binds to acetylcholine receptors
I: smoking cessation
SE: burning/sensitivity where patch is located
CI: serious arrthymias, angina, recent MI
Intx: nicotine influences drug clearance
Varenicline
C and A: smoking cessation aid by blocking acetylcholine receptors
I: stop smoking
SE: abnormal dreams, insomnia
CI: None
Intx: h2 receptor antagonist and quinolones
Amantadine
C: Dopamine agonist and antiviral
A: inhibits viral RNA transcription, and changes dopamine activitiy
I: prevent and tx influenza A, early PD
SE: anticholinergic SE, CNS issues, livedo reticularis, ankle edema
CI: abrupt withdrawal
Intx: synergy with other anticholinergic agents and CNS stimulants
Oseltamivir
C: Antiviral
A: inhibits neuraminidase = virus cant penetrate cellls
I: Influenza A or B
SE: N/V, seizure, arrhythmias
CI: CVD
Intx: clopidogrel
Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
C: expectorant
A: expels mucus
I: clearing plegm and ADHD
SE: bradycardia, hypOtension
CI: None
Intx: TCA, CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)
C: Cough suppressant
A: opioid agonist = antitussive properties and analgesia
I: spasmodic, acute, and chronic cough
SE: confusion, hallucination, HTN, sedation
CI: cough related to other cardiopulm issues
Intx: MAOIs and SSRIS, increase effects with grapefruit juice, CNS depressants
Fluticasone
C: Corticosteroid
A: vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory
I: asthma prevention, COPD, Allergic rhinitis (IN)
SE: URTI, oral candida, sinus infection
CI: hypersensitivity to milk protein, status asthmaticus, acute bronchospasms
Intx: demopressin
Salmeterol (serevent)
C: Bronchodilator
A: LONG acting beta 2 agonist = bronchodilation
I: prophylactic tx of asthma ( ONLY USE WITH INHALED GC)
SE: asthma - related death when taken alone
CI: acute asthma attack
Intx: hypertensive crisis with MAOIs and TCAs
Albuterol (Salbutamol)
C: Rescue inhaler - B2 agonist
A: SHORT acting b2 agonist
I: acute bronchospasms, preventing exercise-induced asthma, COPD
SE: paradoxical bronchospasm (life-threatening) and other SNS sx, hypokalemia
CI: caution in CVD, etc
Intx: hypertensive crisis with MAOIs and TCAs, other sympathomimetics, beta-blockers (inhibit bronchodilation), hypokalemia with HCTZ and loops
Ipratroprium bromide (atrovent)
C: Bronchodilation
A: anticholinergic
I: COPD maintainance tx
SE: COPD exacerbation
CI: hypersensitivity to soy and peanuts (derivative of atropine)
Intx: other anticholinergics
Tiotropium bromide
C: Bronchodilator
A: LONG acting anticholinergic = bronchodilation with antisecretory effects
I: asthma, COPD
SE: anticholinergic sx, metallic taste, paradoxical bronchospasms
CI: caution in glaucoma and urinary outflow obstruction
Intx: other anticholinergic agents and agents that increase QT prolongation
Montelukast (Singular)
C: leukotrient receptor antagonist
A: reduces inflam and bronchoconstriction - LONG acting and PREVENTION
I: prevention and chronic tx of asthma
SE: HA and flu-like sx, increased LFT, Churg-strauss syndrome, altered behavior
CI: acute bronchospasm
Intx: CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors
Capsaicin
C: TRPV1 receptor agonist
A: depletes substance P = decreased pain levels
I: OA, RA, myalgias, etc
SE: normal shit if apply topically
CI: dont apply to wounds or burns
Intx: increases cough induced by ACEI
Codeine
C: Opiate analgesics
A: binds to opiate receptors to inhibit pain pathways
I: prodrug converted into morphine and used for mild-mod pain or as antitussive
SE: sedation and constipation are big ones but other normal opiate s/e
CI: respiratory weakness, urinary bladder obstruction, kids under 12 yo
Intx: drugs that cause QT prolongation
Heroin
C: Opiate analgesics
A: binds to opiate receptors to inhibit pain pathways
I: severe pain
SE: sedation and constipation are big ones but other normal opiate s/e
CI: respiratory weakness, urinary bladder obstruction, kids under 12 yo
Intx: alcohol and CNS depressants
