Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Jessica: NPLEX 2 Pharmacology > Pharmaceuticals (1-20) > Flashcards

Pharmaceuticals (1-20) Flashcards

1
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Class: Statin

I: high cholesterol/lipids and atherosclerosis

A: HMG CoA reductaste inhibitor

Major SE: inhibits CoQ10 formation = myalgias (depletes CoQ10)

CI: li/ki dz, alcohol, PREG X

Intx: increased effects with CYP3A4 inhibitors, decreased effects with CYP3A4 inducers, and increased toxicity with gemfibrozil and niacin, potentiates warfarin and digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gembibrozil

A

Class: Fibrates

I: high TGs, CAD risk

A: activate lipoprotein lipase A = decrease TGs

Major SE: gallstones, pancreatitis, myalgias

CI: li/ki dz, cholelithiasis and GB issues

Intx: avoid using with statin b/c rhabdomyolysis can occur, inhibits CYP2C8 enzyme, DEPLETES VITAMIN E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Class: Nitrates

A: releases NO = SM relaxes

I: angina, heart spams, CHF

Major SE: syncope, hypOtension, reactive tachycardia — OD CAN BE LETHAL

CI: severe anemia, glaucome, head injury, increased intracranial pressure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Intx: vasodilators and anti-HTN agents, heparin, alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Digoxin

A

Class: Cardiac Glycoside

A: inhibits Na/K ATPase = increases contraction and decreases HR = more efficient beat

I: CHF, A.fib/flutter

Major SE: arrhythmias, yellow-green halos around objects —–OD CAN BE LETHAL (antidote: potassium and digoxin antibodies)

CI: low potassium and magnesium, high or low calcium, heart issues and kidney failure

Intx: MANY SERIOUS INTX - depleted magnesium

MP: serum digoxin levels, electrolytes, renal function, and EKG — must adjust dosage to reflect metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atropine

A

Class: anticholingeric

A: increases AV/SA node activity

I: bradycardia and heart blocks (mobitz type 1 - second and third degree)

Major SE: anticholingergic effects - urinary retention, confusion, hallucination, tachy, v.fib

CI: NA-glaucome, ischemic heart blocks

Intx: synergy with other anticholingerics and counteracts effects of beta-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class: Class III Antiarrthymic: NOT FIRST LINE BECAUSE POTENTIAL FATAL TOXICITY

A: sodium channel blocker

I: serious ventricular arrhythmias and afib cardioversion

Major SE: hypotension, bradycardia, QT PROLONGATION, blue skin, tremor, muscle weakness

CI: serious heart dysfunction or 3rd degree heart block, cardiogenic shock, IODINE allergy

Intx: synergy with other anticholingergics and agents that cause QT prolongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACEi (lisinopril)

A

A: supresses AngII = vasoconstricts = interfers with aldosterone production

I: HTN, edema, CHF

Major SE: COUGH, angioedema, and high potassium

CI: previous angioedema, Renal artery stenosis, high potassium

Intx: capsaicin worsens cough, NSAIDs (decreases effects), increases digoxin and lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ARB (volsartan)

A

A: blocks angiotensin II from competing with angiotensin II receptors = vasodilates

I: HTN, HF - patients that cant tolerate ACEi cough

SE: high ass potassium

CI: renal artery stenosis, high ass potassium

Intx: decrease Vitamin D, decreases NSAID effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beta Blockers (atenolol, propranolol)

A

A: blocks beta adrenergic stimulation

I: HTN, angina, essential tremor, HA prevention

Major SE: bradycardia, hypotension, vivid dreams

CI: abrupt withdrawal, Raynauds, any severe heart/GI/lung issues basically

Intx: increased bradycardia and hypotenson with CCB, digoxin and amiodarone
- depleted CoQ10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers (amlodipine)

A

A: decreases calcium = vasodilation and can increase HR via reflux

I: HTN, angina

SE: edema, bradycardia, constipation

CI: serious heart issues and hypotension, acute MI

Intx: synergy with BB, grapefruit and many others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clonidine

A

C: sedative and anti-hypertension

A: alpha adrenergic agonist (central) = peripheral vasodilation

I: HTN (2-3rd line), PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (1st line), ADHD, smoking

SE: hypotension, syncope

CI: CHF and heart blocks, R/O prostate cancer if symptoms of BPH

Intx: other hypotensives and depleted COQ10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Furosemide

A

C: Loop Diuretic

A: inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in proximal and distal tubules and loop of Henle = WASTES POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM AND ZINC

I: HTN, edema

SE: low potassium, magnesium, hyperglycemia and uricema and lipidemia, OTOTOXIC

CI: anuria, severe electrolyte imbalance, sulfa intolerance

Intx: synergy with ototoxic drugs, synergy with thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

C: Thiazide diuretic

A: acts in distal convoluted tubule = increase NaCl excretion
**WASTES POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, ZINC

I: HTN, edema, OP, DI

SE: low potassium/Mg/Na, high uric acid/Ca/glucose

CI: anuria, electrolyte imbalance, sulfa allergy

Intx: hypoglycemics, anticholinergics, digoxin, lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spironolactone

A

C: Diuretic (“water pill”)

A: aldosterone receptor antagonist in distal renal tubule = increased NaCl and H20 excretion
***Potassium-sparing

I: HTN, low Potassium, edema

SE: high ass potassium, gynecomastia, mental confusion, GI bleed

CI: renal issues, anuria, high potassium

Intx: ACEI, ARB, sulf-tri, other potassium sparing diuretics, K+ supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benzoyl Peroxide

A

C: TOPICAL antiseptic

A: keratolytic and antibacterial

I: acne vulgaria

SE: contact derm, xerodermia, hypersensitivity rxn

CI: hypersensitivity to drug

Intx: AVOID with topical hydroquinone and trentinoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isotretinoin

A

C: Vitamin A derivative

A: decreases sebum production from sebaceous glands

I: rosacea and severe nodular acne (no other tx worked)

SE: mucocutaneous dryness, high LFT

CI: MUST USE BIRTH CONTROL WHILE TAKING

Intx: alcohol
**DEPLETES ACETYL-L-CARNITINE AND L-CARNITINE

17
Q

Clindamycin

A

C: Antibiotic

A: bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor

Topical I: acne, rosacea, BV
Oral I: osteomyelitis, OM, PID, Sinusitis, strep

SE: diarrhea and PSEUDOMEMBRANEOUS COLITIS, C.DIFF INFECTIONS

CI: caution in previous colitis or UC

Intx: decreases OCPs, lactobacillus and bifidobacteria

18
Q

Calcipotriol/Calcipotriene

A

C: Vitamin

A: binds Vitamin D receptors = cell differentiation = inhibits cell proliferation

I: plaque psoriasis

SE: high calcium

CI: high calcium and vitamin D

Intx: other forms of vitamin D

19
Q

Selenium Sulfide

A

C: Antifungal

A: reduces epidermal and follicular corneocyte production = antifungal

I: Seborrheic dermatitis, tinea capitis/versicolor

SE: alopecia

CI: Hypersensitivity to drug

20
Q

Triamcinolone

A

C: corticosteroid

A: long action to decrease inflammation and suppresses immune system activity

I: inflammatory and allergic dx

SE: topical - telangiectasia and atrophy/skin thinning, HPA axis suppression

CI: fungal, viral, bacterial mouth/throat infx

Jessica: NPLEX 2 Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions