Pharmaceuticals (181-200)

Question 1

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 1

C: Antibiotic

A: damages bacterial DNA

I: infectious cystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis

SE: pulmonary and hepatic toxicity with long term usage

CI: pyelonephritis, G6PD def, porphyria

Intx: antacids

Question 2

Tolterodine

Answer 2

C: Bladder selective muscarinic antagonist

A: antagonism of cholinergic receptors = increased residual urine volume and decreases detrusor muscle pressure

I: overactive bladder, urinary frequency/urgency/incontinence

SE: all anticholinergic sx

CI: urinary or gastric retention

Intx: other anticholinergics

Question 3

Apixaban (Eliquis)

Answer 3

C: Factor Xa inhibitor

A: blocks factor Xa to inhibit blood clotting

I: anticoagulation for strokes/clots/DVT prevention

SE: severe bleeding, thrombocytopenia, anemia

CI: active bleeds, strokes, clots

Intx: many

Question 4

Tamoxifen

Answer 4

C: SERM

A: binds to estrogen receptors

I: hormone receptor positive breast cancer, metastatic dz, DCIS, BrCa prevention

SE: BLACK BOX - uterine malignancy, stroke, PE, endometrial metaplasia, also can drop all WBC and platelets then normal other SE that comes with hormones and cancer shit

CI: prego, breast fx, hx thromboembolism, anticoagulant tx

Question 5

Rifampin

Answer 5

C: Antibiotics

A: inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

I: active and latent TB, bioterrorism

SE: hepatitis, hepatotoxic, decreases WBC and platelets, hemolytic anemia

*dont take with other hepatotox meds or alcohol

Question 6

Pregabalin

Answer 6

C: Anticonvulsants

A: antinociceptive and anti-seizure effects

I: neuropathic pain, DM, herpes, seizures, fibro

• caution with alcohol and abrupt withdrawal

Question 7

Phenylephrine

Answer 7

Brand: Preparation H

C: nasal decongestants

A: vasoconstriction

I: nasal congestion

SE: arrhythmia, HTN

CI: MAO, 1st trimester of pregnancy and urinary retention

Question 8

Pentoxifylline

Answer 8

C: hemorrheologic agent - claudication

A: helps blood flow more easily through narrowed arteries

I: claudication, alcoholic hepatitis

SE: arrhythmias

CI: recent cerebral/retinal hemorrhage

Question 9

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)

Answer 9

A: binds to receptors on T cells to block PD1 pathway = decrease antitumor immune response = decrease tumor growth

I: melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, SCC

Question 10

Lugol Solution

Answer 10

iodine for disinfecting shit

Question 11

Ipilimumab

Answer 11

A: binds cytotoxic T cells = changes T cell activation and proliferation

I: melanoma, renal cell cancer, HCC

Question 12

Insulin - Regular (Norvolin)

Answer 12

A: stimulates peripheral glucose uptake = inhibits liver glucose production = regulates glucose metabolism

I: DM, Diabetic ketoacidosis

SE: low glucose/potassium, anaphylaxis, edema

*SHORT acting

Question 13

Insulin - Lispro

Answer 13

A: stimulates peripheral glucose uptake = inhibits liver glucose production = regulates glucose metabolism

I: DM

SE: low glucose/potassium, anaphylaxis, edema

*RAPID acting

Question 14

Insulin - Glargine

Answer 14

A: stimulates peripheral glucose uptake = inhibits liver glucose production = regulates glucose metabolism

I: DM1 and DM2

SE: low glucose/potassium, anaphylaxis, edema

*LONG acting

Question 15

Heparin

Answer 15

C and A: Anticoagulant

I: thromboembolism, STEMI, NSTEMI

SE: bleeding, low platelets, prolonged clotting time, increase LFT

Question 16

Exenatide

Answer 16

A: activates GLP1 receptors = increases insulin secretion = decreases glucagon secretion and delayed gastric emptying

I: DM2

SE: BLACK BOX - thyroid c- cell tumor risk

CI: thrombocytopenia, DM1

Question 17

Dulaglutide (trulicity)

Answer 17

I: DM2 and decrease CVD risk

SE: BLACK BOX - thyroid c cell tumor risk

Question 18

Cefuroxamine

Answer 18

A: peptidoglycin - inhibits cell wall synthesis

I: bacterial infx and pneumonia

SE: decrease immune system, c. diff, SJS

CI: sensitivity to penicillin

Question 19

Ceftriaxone

Answer 19

C: antibiotic

A: B - lactam: inhibits cell wall synthesis

I: infx - GC, meningitis

SE: increase LFT, leukopenia, eosinophilia

CI: antibiotic associated colitis recent hx

Question 20

Cefepime

Answer 20

C: Antibiotic

A: B-lactam

I: infx, pneumonia, UTIs

SE: increase LFT, leukopenia, eosinophilia

CI: antibiotic associated colitis recent hx

Question 21

Carvedilol

Answer 21

C: beta blocker

I: HTN, HF with decreased EF, left ventricular dysfunction

SE: CHF, asthma, decreased HR and heart issues

CI: HF, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, sinus sick syndrome, AV blocks

Question 22

Atezolizumab

Answer 22

A: binds PDL1 on cancer-immune cells to decrease tumor growth

I: urothelial carcinoma, non small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer