Pharmaceuticals (181-200) Flashcards
Nitrofurantoin
C: Antibiotic
A: damages bacterial DNA
I: infectious cystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis
SE: pulmonary and hepatic toxicity with long term usage
CI: pyelonephritis, G6PD def, porphyria
Intx: antacids
Tolterodine
C: Bladder selective muscarinic antagonist
A: antagonism of cholinergic receptors = increased residual urine volume and decreases detrusor muscle pressure
I: overactive bladder, urinary frequency/urgency/incontinence
SE: all anticholinergic sx
CI: urinary or gastric retention
Intx: other anticholinergics
Apixaban (Eliquis)
C: Factor Xa inhibitor
A: blocks factor Xa to inhibit blood clotting
I: anticoagulation for strokes/clots/DVT prevention
SE: severe bleeding, thrombocytopenia, anemia
CI: active bleeds, strokes, clots
Intx: many
Tamoxifen
C: SERM
A: binds to estrogen receptors
I: hormone receptor positive breast cancer, metastatic dz, DCIS, BrCa prevention
SE: BLACK BOX - uterine malignancy, stroke, PE, endometrial metaplasia, also can drop all WBC and platelets then normal other SE that comes with hormones and cancer shit
CI: prego, breast fx, hx thromboembolism, anticoagulant tx
Rifampin
C: Antibiotics
A: inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase
I: active and latent TB, bioterrorism
SE: hepatitis, hepatotoxic, decreases WBC and platelets, hemolytic anemia
*dont take with other hepatotox meds or alcohol
Pregabalin
C: Anticonvulsants
A: antinociceptive and anti-seizure effects
I: neuropathic pain, DM, herpes, seizures, fibro
- caution with alcohol and abrupt withdrawal
Phenylephrine
Brand: Preparation H
C: nasal decongestants
A: vasoconstriction
I: nasal congestion
SE: arrhythmia, HTN
CI: MAO, 1st trimester of pregnancy and urinary retention
Pentoxifylline
C: hemorrheologic agent - claudication
A: helps blood flow more easily through narrowed arteries
I: claudication, alcoholic hepatitis
SE: arrhythmias
CI: recent cerebral/retinal hemorrhage
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
A: binds to receptors on T cells to block PD1 pathway = decrease antitumor immune response = decrease tumor growth
I: melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, SCC
Lugol Solution
iodine for disinfecting shit
Ipilimumab
A: binds cytotoxic T cells = changes T cell activation and proliferation
I: melanoma, renal cell cancer, HCC
Insulin - Regular (Norvolin)
A: stimulates peripheral glucose uptake = inhibits liver glucose production = regulates glucose metabolism
I: DM, Diabetic ketoacidosis
SE: low glucose/potassium, anaphylaxis, edema
*SHORT acting
Insulin - Lispro
A: stimulates peripheral glucose uptake = inhibits liver glucose production = regulates glucose metabolism
I: DM
SE: low glucose/potassium, anaphylaxis, edema
*RAPID acting
Insulin - Glargine
A: stimulates peripheral glucose uptake = inhibits liver glucose production = regulates glucose metabolism
I: DM1 and DM2
SE: low glucose/potassium, anaphylaxis, edema
*LONG acting
Heparin
C and A: Anticoagulant
I: thromboembolism, STEMI, NSTEMI
SE: bleeding, low platelets, prolonged clotting time, increase LFT
Exenatide
A: activates GLP1 receptors = increases insulin secretion = decreases glucagon secretion and delayed gastric emptying
I: DM2
SE: BLACK BOX - thyroid c- cell tumor risk
CI: thrombocytopenia, DM1
Dulaglutide (trulicity)
I: DM2 and decrease CVD risk
SE: BLACK BOX - thyroid c cell tumor risk
Cefuroxamine
A: peptidoglycin - inhibits cell wall synthesis
I: bacterial infx and pneumonia
SE: decrease immune system, c. diff, SJS
CI: sensitivity to penicillin
Ceftriaxone
C: antibiotic
A: B - lactam: inhibits cell wall synthesis
I: infx - GC, meningitis
SE: increase LFT, leukopenia, eosinophilia
CI: antibiotic associated colitis recent hx
Cefepime
C: Antibiotic
A: B-lactam
I: infx, pneumonia, UTIs
SE: increase LFT, leukopenia, eosinophilia
CI: antibiotic associated colitis recent hx
Carvedilol
C: beta blocker
I: HTN, HF with decreased EF, left ventricular dysfunction
SE: CHF, asthma, decreased HR and heart issues
CI: HF, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, sinus sick syndrome, AV blocks
Atezolizumab
A: binds PDL1 on cancer-immune cells to decrease tumor growth
I: urothelial carcinoma, non small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer
