PHARMACEUTICAL AIDS AND NECESSITIES Flashcards
● Has a chemical formula
of NaHCO3
● Has a molar mass of
84.0066 g/ mol
● NaHCO3 has a white,
crystalline appearance.
● This compound is
insoluble in ethanol and
slightly soluble in
methanol and acetone.
● At a temperature of 20
degrees celsius, the
solubility of this
compound in water
corresponds to 96
grams per liter.
● Sodium bicarbonate
crystallizes in a
monoclinic crystal
lattice.
● It is a weak base.
● PH value is about 8.31.
● It has a bitter, salty taste
and is odorless.
Sodium
bicarbonate
● It is used as pest control
to kill cockroaches and
controlling fungal
growth
● It is used as a
disinfectant
● It is used to protect
armpits from bad smell
and irritation
● It is used in cooking
especially to bake food
items
● It is used in medicine to
be injected intravenously
to the prevention of
chemotherapy side
effects
● It is used to wash kitchen
products due to its
antibacterial properties
● It is used to have clean
teeth and mouth
● Used to treat the
symptoms of stomach or
duodenal ulcers by
neutralizing stomach
acid.
Sodium
bicarbonate
● The Egyptians of the Middle
Ages first mined Natron, a
natural deposit mostly made up
of
Na2CO3.
● It’s been used as soap. Nicolas
Leblanc, a French scientist,
created NaHCO3 for the first
time in 1971.
● Austin Church and John
Dwight established a baking
soda production facility in
1846, utilizing carbon dioxide
and sodium carbonate.
● The preparation of baking soda
can be done using a process
called Solvay.
● The Solvay process can be
used for the production of
sodium carbonate and sodium
bicarbonate industrially. In this
process, water, ammonia,
carbon dioxide and brine
solution in their concentrated
form are used as the raw
materials.
Sodium
bicarbonate
Baking soda
Bicarbonate
of soda
Sodium
bicarbonate
● can
cause constipation when
used excessively as an
antacid.
● As an antacid, it works by
neutralizing stomach acid
by reacting with it to form
aluminum salts and water.
● It’s one of the three
compounds commonly
known as “alumina” or
“aluminum oxide,” along
with aluminum oxide and
aluminum sulfate.
● Aluminum hydroxide has
low toxicity and is generally
considered safe for use in
pharmaceuticals and other
applications. However,
excessive intake can lead to
aluminum accumulation in
the body, potentially
causing health issues.
● Its ability to absorb
moisture makes it useful in
some cosmetics and
skincare products as an
absorbent or opacifying
agent.
Aluminum
Hydroxide
● Antacid:
It’s commonly used in
over-the-counter
medications to relieve
symptoms of heartburn,
indigestion, and stomach
upset by neutralizing
excess stomach acid.
● Water Treatment:
Used as a flocculating
agent to clarify water by
removing impurities and
suspended particles.
● Fire Retardant:
Often utilized in the
production of
fire-retardant materials
like plastics, rubber, and
coatings due to its ability
to release water when
heated, thereby cooling
the material and
suppressing combustion.
● Pharmaceuticals:
It’s used as an adjuvant in
vaccines to enhance the
immune response.
Aluminum
Hydroxide
● Chemical Formula:
Al(OH)3
● Appearance:
White, amorphous
powder
● Solubility:
Insoluble in water
● pH:
Basic/Alkaline
● Density:
2.42 g/cm3
● Melting Point:
Decomposes around
300°C (572°F)
● Structure:
Forms gel-like
precipitates when
reacting with bases;
it’s an amphoteric
compound, reacting
both as an acid and a
base.
Aluminum
Hydroxide
Alumina
trihydrate
Aluminum
hydrate,
Hydrated
alumina
Aluminum
Hydroxide
