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Chemistry > Chemical Bonds > Flashcards

Chemical Bonds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms composed of

A

Positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons

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2
Q

Consist of an aggregation of atoms held together by valence forces

A

Molecule

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3
Q

What happens when atoms approach one another closely

A

The electron clouds interact with each other and with the nuclei

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4
Q

If this interaction is such that the total energy of the system is _________

A

lowered

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5
Q

A group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit

A

Molecules

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6
Q

Contain two atoms that are chemically bonded.

A

Diatomic molecules

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7
Q

Contain two identical atoms that are chemically bonded.

A

Homonuclear

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8
Q

Contain two different atoms that are chemically bonded.

A

Heteronuclear

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9
Q

Molecules containing more than two atoms.

A

Polyatomic molecules

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10
Q

Smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain its composition and chemical properties of that substance.

A

Molecules

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11
Q

The fundamental principle of chemistry is ______

A

the atoms of different elements can combine with one another to form chemical compounds.

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12
Q

a distinct substance formed by the chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportion by weight.

A

Chemical compound

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13
Q

Is it possible for the same kind of atoms to combine in the same
proportion to form a different type of molecule?

A

Yes, they are called as isomers

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14
Q

identical atoms bonding together with identical proportions and differ only in arrangements.

A

Isomers

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15
Q

Ions are atoms (assemblies of atoms) that have ______

A

A net electric charge

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16
Q

ions that contain fewer electrons than protons have a net positive charge.

A

Cations

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17
Q

ions that contain more electrons than protons have a net negative charge.

A

Anions

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18
Q

contain both cations and anions in a ratio that results in no net electrical charge.

A

Ionic compounds

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19
Q

In ____________, electrons are shared between bonded atoms and are simultaneously attracted to more than one nucleus.

A

Covalent compounds

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20
Q

contain cations and anions rather than discrete neutral molecules.

A

Ionic compounds

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21
Q

Ionic Compounds are held together by _________

A

Attract6ive electrostatic interactions between cations and anions

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22
Q

The cations and anions are arranged in space to form an extended ________________ that maximizes _________________ and minimizes _____________

A

three-dimensional array, the number of electrostatic interactions, and the number of repulsive electrostatic interactions.

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23
Q

Ionic compounds contain both cations in a ratio that results in _______

A

Zero charge

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24
Q

If the electrostatic energy is positive, the particles _____________;

A

Repel each other

25
Q

If the electrostatic energy is negative, the particles _____________ to each other.

A

are attracted

26
Q

The name of a ____________ is simply the name of the element followed by the word ion.

A

Monoatomic cations

27
Q

Stock system of naming

A

an ion’s positive charge is indicated by a roman numeral in parentheses after the element name, followed by the word ion.

28
Q

Common System of naming

A

This system recognizes that many metals have two common cations. The common system uses two suffixes (-ic and -ous) that are appended to the stem of the element name.

29
Q

The _______ suffix represents the greater of the two cation charges,

A

-ic

30
Q

the _______ suffix represents the lower one.

A

-ous

31
Q

The interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms.

A

Covalent bonds

32
Q

The binding arises from the ____________ of their nuclei for the same electrons.

A

Electrostatic attraction

33
Q

A covalent bond forms when the bonded atoms have ___________ than that of widely separated atoms.

A

a lower total energy

34
Q

is concerned with valence which determines how atoms combine in definite ratios and how this is related to the bond directions and bond lengths.

A

Structural chemistry

35
Q

Types of covalent bonds

A

Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds

36
Q

Type of covalent bonds that involves sharing of 2 electrons

A

Single bond

37
Q

Type of covalent bond that involves the sharing of 4 electrons

A

Double bond

38
Q

Covalent molecules are held together by _______

A

Shared electron pairs

39
Q

Bonds are formed when the atoms adopt specific positions relative to
one another so as to _________

A

maximize the bond strength

40
Q

Molecules have a ________, _________, or ________ of its atoms

A

definite, fairly rigid structure, or spatial distribution

41
Q

a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule.

A

Lewis structure

42
Q

used to show how the electrons are
arranged around individual atoms in a molecule.

A

Lewis structure

43
Q

Electrons are shown as __________ or for bonding electrons as a _________ between the two atoms.

A

Dots, lines

44
Q

What is the Lewis structure also known as _______

A

Lewis-dot diagram

45
Q

the substances that react are known as ________

A

reactants

46
Q

the substances that are formed during a chemical reaction are known as _________.

A

Products

47
Q

Two or more compounds combine to form one compound.

A

Combination reaction

48
Q

The opposite of a combination reaction – a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones.

A

Decomposition reaction

49
Q

Oxygen combines with a compound to form carbon dioxide and water. These reactions are exothermic, meaning they give off heat.

A

Combustion reaction

50
Q

An acid and a base react with each other. Generally, the product of this reaction is salt and water.

A

Neutralization

51
Q

One element takes place with another element in the compound.

A

displacement reaction

52
Q

Other term for double replacement

A

double displacement, exchange, or metathesis reactions

53
Q

reactions occur when parts
of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.

A

Double replacement reactions

54
Q

when two aqueous ionic compounds form a new ionic compound that is not soluble in water.

A

Precipitation reaction

55
Q

type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

A

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

56
Q

any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

A

Oxidation-reduction reaction

57
Q

Redox reactions are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including

A

Photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting.

58
Q

can be described as a reaction that forms a “complex”.

A

Complexation reaction

59
Q

The goal
of an lewis structure is ____

A

to obtain the “best” electron configuration.

Chemistry (29 decks)

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