Electrolytes Flashcards
● Table Salt
● Sal Salt
● Sea Salt
● Asin
Sodium Chloride, NF
*Form:
Crystalline structure
*Color:
Transparent or translucent
*Odor:
Odorless
*Taste:
Purely salty of all salts
*Molecular weight/ Molar mass:
54.88 g/mol
*Density:
2.17 g/cm3
*Boiling point:
1,465 °C
*Melting Point:
801°C
Sodium chloride occurs as
colorless, cubic crystals or as
white, crystalline powder having a
saline taste.
Solubility:
- freely soluble in water
- more soluble in boiling water
- soluble in glycerin
- slightly soluble in alcohol
Sodium Chloride, NF
Isotonic solutions
(0.9% w/v) are used
as wet dressings for
irrigation of bodily
cavities and as
injections when
bodily fluids are in
disproportionate
isotonic proportions.
Hypotonic solutions
are administered for
maintenance therapy.
Hypotonic injections
are used when there is
loss of sodium with
excess water.
Used in the
preparation of 0.9%
____________
Injection, USP 26 and
tablets. It is
categorized as fluid
and electrolyte
replenisher
Plays a big role in
food preservation
Used in various
industrial processes
and in the production
of consumer products
such as plastics, paper
pulp, and polyvinyl
chloride.
___________, also known as
salt, is an essential
compound our body
uses to: absorb and
transport nutrients,
maintain blood
pressure, maintain the
right balance of fluid.
Sodium Chloride, NF
In solid state, it exists as rock
salt, halite, fossil salts and sal
gemme. In solution, it is found
in the sea, some lakes, springs
and wells.
obtained from
a natural source would always
contain impurities. Therefore, it
must be purified before using
for medical purposes. requiring
to contain not less than 99.5%
NaCl.
The crystals are collected by
decantation or centrifugation
and dried
Widely used and oldest forms of
food seasoning.
Main source of sodium and
chloride ions in the human diet.
People who consume too much
sodium may develop
hypertension, high blood
pressure, or conditions that may
lead to serious illnesses.
Sodium Chloride, NF
_________ is found in
large deposits in the form of
sylvite, oftentimes in
combination with sodium
chloride and in the form of
carnalite, MgCl2
.KCl.6H2O
Potassium Chloride
When given as a dilute oral
solution, ____________ is
mixed with fruit or vegetable
juices to mask the saline taste.
Normally, __________ is
barely toxic and is not a cause
for concern, However, it
becomes very toxic if in very
large amounts
______________ is a
naturally occurring mineral,
obtained from rocks and sea
salts.
Potassium Chloride, NF
____________
Injection is given to
patients with severe
hypopotassemia or if
the patient is unable
to take potassium
orally.
______ is
indicated in the
treatment of familial
periodic paralysis (a
recurring, rapidly
progressive, flaccid
paralysis), Meniere’s
Syndrome (disease of
the inner ear which
includes dizziness and
noise in the ear) and
as an antidote to
digitalis intoxication**
It is also given when
adrenal steroids
ACTH or the diuretics
chlorothiazide are
administered as these
drugs tend to diminish
the potassium content
of the body.
When given as a
dilute oral solution,
___________ is
mixed with fruit or
vegetable juices to
mask saline salts.
Potassium Chloride, NF
Used in oral
replacement solutions.
___________ is
a component of the
official Ringer’s
Injection and Solution and Lactated Ringer’s
Injection. The
injection form is used
as fluid and
electrolyte replenisher
while the solution is
for topical purposes.
Potassium Chloride, NF
*Form:
Elongated, prismatic or cubical
crystals and white granular powder
*Color:
Colorless
*Odor:
Odorless
*Taste:
Saline Taste
.
*Molecular weight/ Molar mass:
74.5513 g/mol
*Density:
1.98 g/cm3
*Boiling point:
1,420 °C
*Melting Point:
770 °C
It is freely soluble in water, even
more in boiling water. It gives
solutions that are neutral to litmus.
It is insoluble in alcohol
The aqueous solution that it forms
is a good conductor of electricity.
Potassium Chloride, NF
● Kalium
Chloratum
● Kali
Chloridum
Potassium Chloride, NF
An ionic combination of
calcium and chlorine is called
__________
It is both deliquescent and very
soluble in water. It is a salt that
functions like an ordinary ionic
halide and is solid at ambient
temperature.
It is frequently used in cement,
ice and dust management on
roadways, brine for refrigeration
facilities, and other typical
applications.
Calcium Chloride, NF
Used as Electrolyte
replenisher as
Ringer’s Injection and
Lactated Ringer’s
Injection.
Used in internal
hemorrhages certain
bone diseases,
nervous disorders and
whenever there is
deficiency of calcium
Calcium Chloride, NF
Calcium gluconate
USP 31 is considered
by many to be the treatment of choice
for hypocalcemia
because it is
non-irritating when
given orally and
intravenously.
Calcium Chloride, NF
Calcium lactate USP
26 is also another
non-irritating calcium
salt of oral calcium
replacement therapy.
It is utilized in
lowering blood
pressure
It is also a treatment
for acid burns
Frequently utilized as
a de-icing agent and is
very often what’s
actually in municipal
“salt trucks” de-icing
roads in the winter.
Calcium Chloride, NF
*Cloruro de
Calico
*Muriate of
Lime
*Fosporo de
Homberg
*Calcium
Chloride
Anhydrous
*Calcium
Dichloride
*Dowflake
*Liquidow
Calcium Chloride, NF
