Pharma Halo-halo 4 Flashcards
MOA of loperamide
Agonist on peripheraly µ-opioid receptors
Selective antagonist of the µ-opioid receptors
Methylnaltrexone bromide
-treatment of opioid-induced constipation
Alvimopan 🔥
-short term (≤7 days) use to shorten the period of post-op ileus in px who have undergone small/large bowel resection
-a/e: CV toxicity
Addicting brother of loperamide
Diphenoxylate
Contraindications of loperamide
Patients < 12 years old 📌 (katzung) *patients < 2 y/o (statpearls) Acute ulcerative colitis (Reports of toxic megacolon) Bloody diarrhea Diarrhea associated with bacterial infection
MOA of fluoroquinolones
Inhibits bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
DNA gyrase: relaxes positively supercoiled DNA
Topoisomerase IV: separates replicated chromosomal DNA into respective daughter cells
Most active fluoroquinolne vs gram negative
Ciprofloxacin (especially Pseudomonas)
“C-domonas”
Fluoroquinolones that lacks appreciable activity vs pseudomonas
Moxifloxacin
DOC for prevention of anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
DOC for tx of anthrax
Ciprolofxacin
Fluoroquinolone that’s metabolized in the liver
Moxifloxacin
Respiratory fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Enhanced gram-positive activity and activity vs atypical pneuonia (chlamydiase, mycoplasma , legionella)
A/e of fluoroquinonles
“Cartilages and Tendons”
Damages cartilage and cause arthropathy (in animal models) hence NOT used for <18y/o*
Tendinitis and tendon rupture in adults (rf: advanced age, renal insuf, concurrent steroid use)
*there’s growing consensus that fluoro may be used in children if needed
(Eg, for tx of pseudomonas infections in px w CF)
A/e for tetracyclines
“BaTang FRaiL”
Bone deformity and growth inhibition
(not given to children < 8y/o)
Teeth fluorescence, discoloration, and enamel dysplasia
Fanconi syndrome
RTA
Liver impairment/necrosis
MOA of praziquantel
Increases membrane permeability to calcium —> PARALYSIS
MOA of pyrantel pamoate
Stimulates nicotinic receptors at NMJ of nematodes
Cuases depolarization-induced paralysis
MOA of buspirone
5-HT1A agonist (partial)
-nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic
D2 agonist
remarks on moxifloxacin
- 3rd gen
- metabolized in the LIVER
- NO activity vs pseudomonas
First gen fluoroquinolones
nalidixic acid
cinoxacin
2nd gen fluoroquinolones
“CLONE”
Ciprofloxacin Lomefloxacin Ofloxacin Norfloxacin Enoxacin
(AAFP)
3rd gen fluoroquinolone
Gatifloxacin (ophthalmic only in US) Gemifloxacin Moxifloxacin Levofloxacin Sparfloxacin (AAFP)
4th gen fluorouuinolones
trovafloxacin
clinafloxacine
5-HT1A partial agonist
buspirone
