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Pharmacology > Pharm1 > Flashcards

Pharm1 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug Sources

A
  • Traditional – Plant (botanical): alkaloids = “ine” (e.g. atropine, caffeine, nicotine) or glycosides =“in” (e.g. digoxin), gums, resins, oils – Minerals (e.g. Na, K, Cl, Fe, Se)
  • Bacteria/Fungi = antibiotics (penicillin) and anthelmintics (ivermectin)
  • Animals – hormones (insulin), anticoagulants (heparin); most are now synthesized in laboratories
  • Genetic engineering
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2
Q

Traditional sources

A

plant (botanical):
alkaloids = “ine” (e.g. atropine, caffeine, nicotine) or glycosides =“in” (e.g. digoxin), gums, resins, oils – Minerals (e.g. Na, K, Cl, Fe, Se)

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3
Q

Bacteria/Fungi sources

A

antibiotics (penicillin) and anthelmintics (ivermectin)

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4
Q

Animals sources

A

hormones (insulin), anticoagulants (heparin); most are now synthesized in laboratories

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5
Q

Pharmacology

A

the science concerned with drugs, their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions and uses.

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6
Q

Generic

A

name assigned by the company that developed the drug, refers to the drug’s chemical structure of the chemical (e.g. amoxicillin).

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7
Q

Trade or Proprietary

A

refers to the name given to generic drugs by manufacturers (e.g. Amoxitabs).

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8
Q

Tablets

A

powdered drug compressed or molded into disks

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9
Q

Capsules

A

powdered drug enclosed in a gelatin capsule.

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10
Q

Solution

A

drug dissolved in a liquid vehicle and does not settle out if left standing.

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11
Q

Syrup

A

drug dissolved in an 85% sucrose solution

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12
Q

Elixir

A

drug dissolved in a sweetened alcohol base

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13
Q

Tincture

A

drug dissolved in an alcohol, meant for topical application.

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14
Q

Suspension

A

drug particles suspended in a liquid vehicle and settle to the bottom in left standing.

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15
Q

Liniment

A

drug suspended in oil, typically rubbed on the skin.

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16
Q

Lotion

A

drug suspended in oil, typically dabbed, brushed, or dripped on the skin.

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17
Q

Ointment

A

semi-solid drug form that melts at body temperature and penetrates the skin or ocular surface.

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18
Q

Paste

A

semi-solid drug form that is administered orally.

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19
Q

Injectables

A

drugs that are administered via a needle and syringe.

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20
Q

Ampule

A

airtight glass container opened by snapping off the glass neck. The contents are used at one time.

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21
Q

Vial

A

glass container sealed with a rubber stopper. Multiple doses can be withdrawn through the rubber seal with a needle.

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22
Q

Extract

A

ground-up plant or animal parts that have been filtered, refined, and prepared in a medicinal (dosage) form.

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23
Q

Compounding

A

any manipulation of a drug to produce a dosage form different from the approved product.

24
Q

Regimen

A

the amount, route, frequency, and duration of drug administration.

25
Q

Dosage

A

amount of drug given per unit of body weight.

26
Q

Dose

A

total amount of drug given at one time.

27
Q

Prescription Drug

A

a potentially toxic drug that can only be used under the supervision of a veterinarian

28
Q

Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship

A

the set of circumstances that must exist between the veterinarian, the client, and the patient before prescription drugs can be dispensed.

29
Q

Prescription

A

orders prepared by a veterinarian providing information for a pharmacist (or technician) to prepare a drug for use by a client.

30
Q

Extra label Drug Use

A

using a drug in a way that is not specified on its FDA-approved label.

31
Q

Withdrawal Time

A

the length of time it takes for a drug to be eliminated from animal tissue or products after it is no longer used.

32
Q

Controlled Substances

A

drugs that can only be legally used, ordered, or prescribed by a veterinarian with a state and DEA license to do so.

33
Q

gr

A

grain

34
Q

g

A

gram

35
Q

Rx

A

“take thou of”

36
Q

sig

A

directions for treatment

37
Q

disp

A

dispense

38
Q

cc

A

cubic centemeter

39
Q

q

A

every

40
Q

qd

A

every day

41
Q

qod

A

every-other day

42
Q

ad lib

A

as much as desired

43
Q

AD

A

right ear

44
Q

AS

A

left ear

45
Q

AU

A

both ears

46
Q

OD

A

right eye

47
Q

OS

A

left eye

48
Q

OU

A

both eyes

49
Q

gtt

A

drops

50
Q

controlled substances

A

drugs that have the potential to be abused by humans and cause dependency

51
Q

Schedule I Substances

A

Substances in this schedule have no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States,
a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision
and a high potential for abuse.
Example: Heroin, LSD, Marijuana

52
Q

Schedule II Substances

A

Substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse with severe psychological or physical dependence.
Cannot be refilled. new script every time
Example: Morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone

53
Q

Schedule III Substances

A

Substances in this schedule have a potential for abuse less than substances in Schedules I or II.
Example: Hydrocodone, buprenorphine

54
Q

Schedule IV Substances

A

Substances in this schedule have a lower potential for abuse relative to substances in Schedule III.
Example: Diazepam, midazolam, phenobarbital, butorphanol

55
Q

Schedule V Substances

A

Substances in this schedule have a lower potential for abuse relative to substances listed in Schedule IV.
Example: Codeine

56
Q

D.E.A

A

drug enforcement agency

57
Q

ordering controlled drugs

A

copy 1 and 2- go to the vendor

copy 3- kepts by practiced

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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