Pharm1

Question 1

Drug Sources

Answer 1

• Traditional – Plant (botanical): alkaloids = “ine” (e.g. atropine, caffeine, nicotine) or glycosides =“in” (e.g. digoxin), gums, resins, oils – Minerals (e.g. Na, K, Cl, Fe, Se)
• Bacteria/Fungi = antibiotics (penicillin) and anthelmintics (ivermectin)
• Animals – hormones (insulin), anticoagulants (heparin); most are now synthesized in laboratories
• Genetic engineering

Question 2

Traditional sources

Answer 2

plant (botanical):
alkaloids = “ine” (e.g. atropine, caffeine, nicotine) or glycosides =“in” (e.g. digoxin), gums, resins, oils – Minerals (e.g. Na, K, Cl, Fe, Se)

Question 3

Bacteria/Fungi sources

Answer 3

antibiotics (penicillin) and anthelmintics (ivermectin)

Question 4

Animals sources

Answer 4

hormones (insulin), anticoagulants (heparin); most are now synthesized in laboratories

Question 5

Pharmacology

Answer 5

the science concerned with drugs, their sources, appearance, chemistry, actions and uses.

Question 6

Generic

Answer 6

name assigned by the company that developed the drug, refers to the drug’s chemical structure of the chemical (e.g. amoxicillin).

Question 7

Trade or Proprietary

Answer 7

refers to the name given to generic drugs by manufacturers (e.g. Amoxitabs).

Question 8

Tablets

Answer 8

powdered drug compressed or molded into disks

Question 9

Capsules

Answer 9

powdered drug enclosed in a gelatin capsule.

Question 10

Solution

Answer 10

drug dissolved in a liquid vehicle and does not settle out if left standing.

Question 11

Syrup

Answer 11

drug dissolved in an 85% sucrose solution

Question 12

Elixir

Answer 12

drug dissolved in a sweetened alcohol base

Question 13

Tincture

Answer 13

drug dissolved in an alcohol, meant for topical application.

Question 14

Suspension

Answer 14

drug particles suspended in a liquid vehicle and settle to the bottom in left standing.

Question 15

Liniment

Answer 15

drug suspended in oil, typically rubbed on the skin.

Question 16

Lotion

Answer 16

drug suspended in oil, typically dabbed, brushed, or dripped on the skin.

Question 17

Ointment

Answer 17

semi-solid drug form that melts at body temperature and penetrates the skin or ocular surface.

Question 18

Paste

Answer 18

semi-solid drug form that is administered orally.

Question 19

Injectables

Answer 19

drugs that are administered via a needle and syringe.

Question 20

Ampule

Answer 20

airtight glass container opened by snapping off the glass neck. The contents are used at one time.

Question 21

Vial

Answer 21

glass container sealed with a rubber stopper. Multiple doses can be withdrawn through the rubber seal with a needle.

Question 22

Extract

Answer 22

ground-up plant or animal parts that have been filtered, refined, and prepared in a medicinal (dosage) form.

Question 23

Compounding

Answer 23

any manipulation of a drug to produce a dosage form different from the approved product.

Question 24

Regimen

Answer 24

the amount, route, frequency, and duration of drug administration.

Question 25

Dosage

Answer 25

amount of drug given per unit of body weight.

Question 26

Dose

Answer 26

total amount of drug given at one time.

Question 27

Prescription Drug

Answer 27

a potentially toxic drug that can only be used under the supervision of a veterinarian

Question 28

Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship

Answer 28

the set of circumstances that must exist between the veterinarian, the client, and the patient before prescription drugs can be dispensed.

Question 29

Prescription

Answer 29

orders prepared by a veterinarian providing information for a pharmacist (or technician) to prepare a drug for use by a client.

Question 30

Extra label Drug Use

Answer 30

using a drug in a way that is not specified on its FDA-approved label.

Question 31

Withdrawal Time

Answer 31

the length of time it takes for a drug to be eliminated from animal tissue or products after it is no longer used.

Question 32

Controlled Substances

Answer 32

drugs that can only be legally used, ordered, or prescribed by a veterinarian with a state and DEA license to do so.

Question 33

gr

Answer 33

grain

Question 34

g

Answer 34

gram

Question 35

Rx

Answer 35

"take thou of"

Question 36

sig

Answer 36

directions for treatment

Question 37

disp

Answer 37

dispense

Question 38

cc

Answer 38

cubic centemeter

Question 39

q

Answer 39

every

Question 40

qd

Answer 40

every day

Question 41

qod

Answer 41

every-other day

Question 42

ad lib

Answer 42

as much as desired

Question 43

AD

Answer 43

right ear

Question 44

AS

Answer 44

left ear

Question 45

AU

Answer 45

both ears

Question 46

OD

Answer 46

right eye

Question 47

OS

Answer 47

left eye

Question 48

OU

Answer 48

both eyes

Question 49

gtt

Answer 49

drops

Question 50

controlled substances

Answer 50

drugs that have the potential to be abused by humans and cause dependency

Question 51

Schedule I Substances

Answer 51

Substances in this schedule have no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision and a high potential for abuse. Example: Heroin, LSD, Marijuana

Question 52

Schedule II Substances

Answer 52

Substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse with severe psychological or physical dependence. Cannot be refilled. new script every time Example: Morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone

Question 53

Schedule III Substances

Answer 53

Substances in this schedule have a potential for abuse less than substances in Schedules I or II. Example: Hydrocodone, buprenorphine

Question 54

Schedule IV Substances

Answer 54

Substances in this schedule have a lower potential for abuse relative to substances in Schedule III. Example: Diazepam, midazolam, phenobarbital, butorphanol

Question 55

Schedule V Substances

Answer 55

Substances in this schedule have a lower potential for abuse relative to substances listed in Schedule IV. Example: Codeine

Question 56

D.E.A

Answer 56

drug enforcement agency

Question 57

ordering controlled drugs

Answer 57

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