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AA_Rapid Review > Pharm SEs > Flashcards

Pharm SEs Flashcards

1
Q

Cimetidine

A
  • Gynecomastia
  • CYP450 inhibition
    (inc’d levels of Warfarin, Phenytoin, Propranolol, Metoprolol, Quinidine, & Theophylline)
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2
Q

Metformin

A

Lactic acidosis

thus contraindicated in renal failure

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3
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Hepatitis & Myositis

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4
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A
  • Tremor, insomnia (inhibition of presynaptic NE & 5HT reuptake)
  • Conduction defects, arrhythmias, hypotension (blockade of cardiac fast sodium channels)
  • Hyperthermia, flushing, dilated pupils, intestinal ileus, urinary retention, sinus tachycardia (antagonism of central & peripheral muscarinic ACh receptors)
  • Peripheral vasodilation – orthostatic hypotension (antagonism of peripheral α-1 adrenergic receptors)
  • Sedation (antagonism of H1-receptors)
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5
Q

Name 4 TCA drugs

A

Imipramine, Clomipramine, Doxepin, Amitriptyline

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6
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • Red man syndrome

- Nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

Daptomycin

A
  • Myopathy & CPK elevation
  • inactivated by pulmonary surfactant

(used for gram-positives, including MRSA)

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8
Q

Linezolid

A
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Optic neuritis
  • High risk for serotonin syndrome
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9
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

A
  • Skin rash
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Hepatotoxicity

(thionamide drug)

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10
Q

Methimazole

A
  • Skin rash
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Teratogenic

(thionamide drug)

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11
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

1st generation = Disulfiram-like reaction
(Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide)

2nd generation = Hypoglycemia
(Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide)

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12
Q

Glitazones / thiazolidinediones

A
  • Weight gain
  • Edema
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Heart failure

(Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone)

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13
Q

α-glucosidase inhibitors

A

GI disturbances

Acarbose, Miglitol

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14
Q

Pramlitinide

A

Hypoglycemia, Nausea, Diarrhea

Amylin analog → ↓glucagon
(T1 & T2 diabetes)

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15
Q

GLP-1 analogs

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Pancreatitis

Exenatide, Liraglutide
(MOA = ↑insulin, ↓glucagon release)
(T2 diabetes)

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16
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors

A

Mild urinary or respiratory infections

Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
(MOA = ↑insulin, ↓glucagon release)
(T2 diabetes)

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17
Q

Demeclocycline

A
  • Nephrogenic DI
  • Photosensitivity
  • Abnormalities of bone & teeth
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18
Q

Proton-Pump Inhibitors

A
  • Increased risk of C. dificile infection
  • Pneumonia
  • Hip fractures
  • ↓serum Mg(2+) w/ long-term use
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19
Q

Misoprostol

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Contraindicated in women of childbearing potential (abortifacient)

(MOA = PGE1-analog, ↑production & secretion of mucous barrier, ↓acid production)

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20
Q

Octreotide

A

Nausea, cramps, steatorrhea

21
Q

Antacids

A

Hypokalemia (all)

22
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A
  • Constipation
  • Hypophosphatemia
  • Proximal muscle weakness
  • Osteodystrophy
  • Seizures

(antacid, thus hypokalemia also)

23
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Hypotension
  • Cardiac arrest

(antacid, thus hypokalemia also)

24
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Hypercalcemia & rebound acid ↑

25
Q

Infliximab

A
  • Infection (reactivation of TB)
  • Fever
  • Hypotension
26
Q

Sulfasalazine

A
  • Malaise
  • Nausea
  • Sulfonamide toxicity
  • Reversible oligospermia
27
Q

Ondansetron

A

Headache & Constipation

28
Q

Metoclopramide

A

↑ Parkinsonian effects

29
Q

Succinylcholine

A
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Malignant hyperthermia
30
Q

Dantrolene: MOA & use?

A

MOA: Prevents release of Ca(2+) from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle

Use:

  1. Malignant hyperthermia, a rare but life-threatening side effect of inhalation anesthetics (except N2O) & Succinylcholine
  2. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (toxicity of antipsychotic drugs)
31
Q

Sumatriptan: MOA & use?

A

MOAs: 5-HT(1B/1D) agonist, inhibits trigeminal nerve activation, prevents vasoactive peptide release, induces vasoconstriction

Use: Acute migraine & Cluster headaches

Toxicity = Coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in Prinzmetal’s angina)

32
Q

Topiramate

A

Sedation, weight loss, & kidney stones

“toe-primate” picmonic
(↑GABA, blocks voltage-gated Na-channels)

33
Q

Gabapentin

A

Sedation, Ataxia

34
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

35
Q

Valproic Acid

A
  • GI distress
  • Hepatotoxicity (rare but fatal; measure LFTs)
  • Neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida –c/i in pregnancy)
  • Tremor
  • Weight gain

(“vault pro lemon” picmonic)

36
Q

Tramadol

A
  • Similar to other opioids (it is a weak opioid agonist & NE/5HT-reuptake inhibitor)
  • decreases seizure threshold

(“trauma doll” picmonic, treats chronic pain)

37
Q

Indications for Zanamivir?

A

Influenza A & B

NA & viral release inhibitor

38
Q

Indications for Oseltamivir?

A

Influenza A & B

NA & viral release inhibitor

39
Q

Indications for Ribavirin?

A

RSV (viral bronchiolitis) & Hepatitis C

nucleoside analog – inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase

40
Q

Indications for Interferon-α?

A

Hepatits B & C & Kaposi’s Sarcoma

41
Q

Indications for Amantadine?

A

Influenza A

impairs uncoating of virion after host cell endocytosis

42
Q

Indications for Famciclovir?

A

Herpez Zoster

43
Q

Indications for Acyclovir?

A

HSV & VZV (weak activity against EBV, NO activity against CMV)

(Guanosine analog, preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination. Monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase)

44
Q

Indications for Ganciclovir?

A

CMV, especially in immunocompromised pts

  • Guanosine analog
  • 5’-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase
  • Triphosphate formed by cellular kinases
  • Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase
45
Q

Indications for Foscarnet?

A
  • CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients that fail Ganciclovir therapy
  • Acyclovir-resistant HSV

(viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme. Does NOT REQUIRE activation by viral kinase)
**essentially it’s a “pyroFOSphate” analog

46
Q

MOA of drugs, “____navir”

A

Protease inhibitors

HIV-1 protease = pol gene
“navir tease a protease”

47
Q

MOA of drugs, “____clovir”

A

Nucleosides (require both viral and host-cell kinase for activation)

48
Q

MOA of drugs, “____fovir”

A

Nucleotides (only require host-cell kinase for activation)

AA_Rapid Review (15 decks)

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