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AA_Rapid Review > Classic Treatments > Flashcards

Classic Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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5
Q

Alcohol abuse

A

AA + disulfram for patient and Al-Anon for family

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepine

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

SSRIs

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Anxiety

A

Busprione

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10
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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11
Q

B12 deficiency

A

B12

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12
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin, Finasteride

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13
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, Valproate,Carbamazepine (mood stabilizers)

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14
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitor (Anastrazole)

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15
Q

Buerger’s disease

A

Smoking cessation

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16
Q

Bulimia

A

SSRIs

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17
Q

Candida albicans

A 
Amphotericin B (systemic)
(binds ergosterol; "tears" holes in membrane that allow electrolyte leakage)

Nystatin (oral thrush, esophagitis)
(Same as Amphotericin but topical b/c too toxic – “swish & swallow” for oral candidiasis)

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18
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome

A

Octreotide

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19
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+Ceftriaxone for Gonorrhea co-inf)

Erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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20
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid (underexcretor)
(–X reabsorption of Uric acid in PCT)

Allopurinol (overproducer)
(–X xanthine oxidase; ↓conversion of xanthine→uric acid)

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21
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-α

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22
Q

Chronic myeloid leukemia

A

Imatinib

Philadelphia Chromosome bcr-abl Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor – Fluid Retention

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23
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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24
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral Metronidazole

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25
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + Diazepam

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26
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Corticosteroids

Infliximab
monoclonal antibody → TNF-α
(also used in UC & RA)

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27
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

“azoles” inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol → ergosterol

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28
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

N-acetylcysteine +Antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/azithromycin)

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29
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Ganciclovir

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30
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first line)

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31
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); Hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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32
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement

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33
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemia, and insulin (possible)

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34
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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35
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

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36
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil

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37
Q

ER positive breast cancer

38
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

39
Q

Folate deficiency

40
Q

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

41
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis

42
Q

Heparin toxicity (acute)

A

Protamine sulfate

binds to Heparin &/or LMWH

43
Q

HER2/neu-positive breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

44
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

45
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (1st line)

46
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

47
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

48
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile)

49
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir

50
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Erythromycin

51
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

52
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

53
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

54
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

55
Q

Migraine

A

Sumatriptan

56
Q

MRSA

A

Vancomycin

57
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

β-interferon, Immunosuppression, Natalizumab

58
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPES (Rifampin, INH, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin)

59
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

60
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

61
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

62
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

63
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Indomethacin

64
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

α-antagonists (Phenoxybenzamine)

65
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

66
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

67
Q

Prostate cancer/Uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

68
Q

Prostate carcinoma

69
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal (Ticarcillin/Pipercillin)

+ Aminoglycoside (bactericidal 30S inhibitor)

70
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

Sildenafil

Epoprostenol

Bosentan
(competitively antagonizes Endothelin-1 receptors)

71
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol (especially if context of aplastic anemia)

72
Q

Ringworm infection

A

Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole

73
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

5-HT2A antagonists (2nd gen antipsychotics; e.g., Olanzapine)

74
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

D2 receptor antagonists (1st & 2nd gen antipsychotics)

75
Q

SIADH

A

Demeclocycline, Lithium, Vasopressin receptor antagonists

76
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea (↑ HbF)

77
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

78
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

79
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Methicillin/Naficillin/Oxacillin/Dicloxacillin (MSSA)

Vancomycin (MRSA)

80
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A 
Penicillin prophylaxis
(evaluate for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis)
81
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/Cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia)

Vancomycin (meningitis)

82
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

83
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

84
Q

Tonic-clonic seizure

A

Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

85
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

86
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

87
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

88
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA, Infliximab

89
Q

UTI prophylaxis

90
Q

Warfarin toxicity

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), Vitamin K (chronic)

91
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

92
Q

Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

A

Argatroban

direct-thrombin inhibitor

AA_Rapid Review (15 decks)

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