Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Pharmacology > Pharm Of Renal Infections > Flashcards

Pharm Of Renal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top 3 populations of patients who get UTIs?

A
  1. Females
  2. Infant boys
  3. Old men
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

UTIs can lead to what other 3 infections?

A

Cystitis, pyelonephritis, and prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Top 3 pathogens for Uncomplicated UTI?

A

E. Coli, Klebsiella, and Staph Saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Top 4 Pathogens for Complicated UTI?

A
  1. E. Coli.
  2. Enterococcus
  3. Klebsiella
  4. Candida
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most important element of the biofilm for E Coli?

A

Type 1 pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most important element of the biofilm for proteus?

A

Urease leading to calcium and magnesium phosphate crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most important element to the P aeruginosa biofilm?

A

Lectins and rhamnoliids. Essentially, they change the PA to be lipophilic and connect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most important element of the biofilm for enterococcus faecalis?

A

Fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patient presents with no symptoms, is having a urine screen for a drug test for work, but has bacteria in the urine, what is the diagnosis?

A

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical symptom triad of Cystitis?

A

Frequency dysuria, and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three drugs for first line treatment of Cystitis?

A

Nitrofur, Fosfomycin, and TMP-SMX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is second line treatment against Cystitis?

A

Oral Beta Lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the third line treatment for Cystitis and why is it third?

A

Fluoros because they have the most adverse effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bacteria can we use nitro on and what two are a no go?

A

Gram positive and gram negative. No for PA and strains of proteus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is important to say about the pharmacokinetics of nitro and what are 2 adverse effects of Nitro?

A

It is metabolized and excreted very quickly so no systemic action. Nassau and vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nitro is contraindicated in high patient population?

A

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase.

17
Q

What is the MAO for fosfomycin?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

18
Q

When should we not use nitro and fosfomycin for cystitis and why?

A

We should not use it if we think Pyelonephritis is also going on because they are not effective against renal tissue.

19
Q

When do we not use TMP-SMX?

A

When resistance is known to be greater than 20%

20
Q

Which fluoro is not recommended to use and why?

A

Moxifloxacin and it attains much lower urinary levels.

21
Q

FDA states to not use fluoros for what and why?

A

Uncomplicated UTIs because of adverse effects, tendinitis and tendon rupture being the worst.

22
Q

What two drugs do we not use for treatment of uncomplicated cystitis?

A

Ampicillin and amoxicillin

23
Q

Two clinical presenting symptoms for pyelonephritis and which one is different than cystitis?

A

Unilateral back pain and fever. Cystitis doesn’t not present with fever.

24
Q

What is first line treatment and second line treamtment for pyelonephritis?

A
  1. Fluoro.

2. TMP-SMX, oral beta lactam, aztreonam

25
Q

What do we add to the treatment regimen if it is a severe pyelonephritis with Fluoro?

A

Ceftriazone or aminoglycoside.

26
Q

What are the two aminoglycosides used for the severe pyelonephritis?

A

Gentamicin and tobramycin

27
Q

What bacteria are the aminoglycosides effective against?

A

Aerobic gram negative plus PA.

28
Q

What is the MAO for the aminoglycosides?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds to 30s ribosomal subunit.

29
Q

3 adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A

8th cranial nerve toxicity, renal toxicity, and neuromuscular blockade.

30
Q

When do we use aztreonam for pyelonephritis?

A

Second line treatment if the patient does not tolerate the TMP or beta lactams first.

31
Q

What bacteria is aztreonam effective against?

A

Aerobic gram negative

32
Q

MAO of Aztreonam?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Renal Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions