pharm of parkinson

Question 1

drugs used for parkinson

Answer 1

1. L-dopa and carbidopa
2. dopamine receptor agonists
3. anticholinergic drugs
4. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
5. Carechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors (COMTI)
6. amantidine

Question 2

amantidine function

Answer 2

1. increases availability of endogenous dopamine in caudate and putamen
2. glutamate receptor (NMDA) antagonist

Question 3

COMTI function

Answer 3

inhibits COMT, part of pathway of L-DOPA and dopamine

Question 4

L-DOPA

Answer 4

is an intermediate product in the synthesis of dopamine endogenously

Question 5

Carbidopa function:

Answer 5

cannot cross the BBB but can inhibit degradation of L-DOPA in the gut and liver by blocking dopamine decarboxylase.

Question 6

Give L-DOPA with carbidopa:

Answer 6

you deliver a high dose of L-DOPA to the brain where it can be converted to dopamine in the basal ganglia.

Question 7

The D2 receptor is on the

Answer 7

indirect pathway and is Gi so it suppresses the indirect pathway, which is normally inhibitory to the thalamus.

Question 8

L-DOPA in Parkinson’s

Answer 8

Parkinson’s is disease of too little dopamine synthesis, giving L-DOPA can help replenish some of the missing dopamine in the brain.

Question 9

L-DOPA absorption

Answer 9

1. orally

2. crosses the blood brain barrier.

Question 10

dopamine receptor agonists function

Answer 10

1. bind to D2 receptors
2. agonize dopamine effects
3. do not replace L-DOPA, so have longer half lives

Question 11

anticholinergic drug function

Answer 11

1. when there is a loss of dopamine, there is an overactivity of cholinergic interneurons in putamen and caudate (DA inhibits ACh)
2. block muscarinic receptors
3. less effective than L-DOPA

Question 12

MAOI function in parkinson

Answer 12

1. MAO is responsible for breaking down DA into DOPAC
2. By inhibiting this action, the effects of DA can be potentiated
3. MAO-A and B

Question 13

L-DOPA (with carbidopa)

Class

Answer 13

Endogenous precursor to DA

Question 14

L-DOPA (with carbidopa) SE

Answer 14

1. Acute: Nausea, hypotension, depression and psychosis

2. Chronic: dyskinesia and psychosis

Question 15

Bromocriptine Class

Answer 15

D2 receptor agonist

Question 16

Bromocriptine SE

Answer 16

1. nausea
2. changes in mentation
3. sudden onset sleep

Question 17

Pergolide Class

Answer 17

D2receptor agonist (also D1 and 5HT)

Question 18

Pergolide SE

Answer 18

1. nausea
2. changes in mentation
3. sudden onset sleep

Question 19

Pramipexole class

Answer 19

D2 receptor agonist (also D3 and D4)

Question 20

Pramipexole SE

Answer 20

1. nausea
2. changes in mentation
3. sudden onset sleep

Question 21

Ropinirole Class

Answer 21

D2 receptor agonist (also D3 and D4)

Question 22

Ropinirole SE

Answer 22

1. nausea
2. changes in mentation
3. sudden onset sleep

Question 23

Cabergoline Class

Answer 23

D2 receptor agonist (also D3, D4 and 5HT)

Question 24

Cabergoline SE

Answer 24

1. nausea
2. changes in mentation
3. sudden onset of sleep

Question 25

Cabergoline half life

Answer 25

65 hours

Question 26

Amantidine class

Answer 26

Glutamate Receptor Antagonist

Question 27

Amantidine SE

Answer 27

Increases availability of endogenous DA

Question 28

Trihexyphenidyl Class

Answer 28

Anticholinergic

Question 29

Trihexyphenidyl SE

Answer 29

1. Swallowing difficulties 2. Decreased bowel motility 3. Urinary retention

Question 30

Benztropine Class

Answer 30

Anticholinergic

Question 31

Benztropine SE

Answer 31

1. swallowing difficulties 2. decreased bowel motility 3. urinary retention