ocular pharmacology 2 Flashcards
Latanoprost class
Prostaglandin analog
Latanoprost MOA
Lowers IOP by facilitating aqueous humor outflow through accessory uveoscleral pathway.
Latanoprost role in glaucoma treatment
First-line therapy in open-angle glaucoma as part of stepped approach.
Latanoprost SE
- Brown discoloration of iris
- eyelash lengthening
- ocular irritation
Brimonidine Class
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
Brimonidine MOA
- Increases uveoscleral outflow pathway
2. inhibits aqueous humor production.
Brimonidine Role in glaucoma treatment
Add-on 2nd or 3rd line therapy in open-angle glaucoma.
Brimonidine SE
- Red eye
- ocular irritation
- CNS depression
- apnea in neonates
Timolol class
Beta-adrenergic antagonist
Timolol MOA
Reduces aqueous humor production.
Timolol role in glaucoma treatment
Next most common drug used for open-angle glaucoma after prostaglandin analog.
Timolol SE
Systemic absorption leads to decreased HR, broncho-constriction.
Timolol contraindications
- bradycardia
- heart block
- CHF
- asthma
- COPD
Dorzolamide Class
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Dorzolamide MOA
Inhibiting CA in ciliary body epithelium reduces bicarb ion formation, leading to reduced fluid transport and IOP.
Dorzolamide role in glaucoma treatment
Add-on 2nd or 3rd line in open-angle glaucoma.
Dorzolamide SE
Few is applied topically
Pilocarpine class
Muscarinic receptor agonist
Pilocarpine MOA
Lowers IOP through contraction of ciliary muscle
increases aqueous outflow
Pilocarpine role in glaucoma
- Used in treatment of closed-angle glaucoma
2. Not commonly used today for open-angle glaucoma
Pilocarpine SE
Ciliary spasm leading to HA, myopia, dim vision.
