cortical lesions

Question 1

Frontal lobe in human cognition

Answer 1

Voluntary movement, language fluency (L side), motor prosody (R side), comportment, executive function, and motivation.

Question 2

Parietal lobe in human cognition

Answer 2

tactile sensation, visuospatial function (R), Attention (R), Reading (L), Writing (L), Calculation (L).

Question 3

Temporal lobe in human cognition

Answer 3

language comprehension (L), sensory prosody (R), Memory, emotion.

Question 4

Occipital lobe in human cognition

Answer 4

vision, visual perception, visual recognition.

Question 5

The 3 major frontal lobe syndromes

Answer 5

1. disinhibition
2. executive dysfunction
3. apathy

Question 6

Disinhibition lesion locations

Answer 6

orbitofrontal lesions

Question 7

disinhibition is a disorder of

Answer 7

comportment when a person can no longer adequately integrate limbic drives into appropriate behavioral repertoire.

Question 8

disinhibition signs

Answer 8

1. Irritability
2. loss of empathy
3. impulsivity
4. hypersexuality
5. hyperphagia
6. violence.

Question 9

Executive dysfunction location of lesions

Answer 9

dorsolateral prefrontal lesions

Question 10

Executive dysfunction signs

Answer 10

1. no longer have capacity to plan, carry out and monitor sequential goal directed action
2. lack preservation
3. altering actions in response to changing environmental stimuli

Question 11

apathy lesion located

Answer 11

medial frontal lesion

Question 12

apathy signs

Answer 12

1. lack of motivation

2. most severe forms are abulia and akinetic mutism

Question 13

Major Cognitive disorders related to temporal lobe lesions

Answer 13

1. wernicke’s aphasia
2. sensory aprosody
3. amnesia and memory
4. emotion

Question 14

Wernicke’s Aphasia:

Answer 14

auditory comprehension is impaired because of a lesion n post. region of L superior temporal gyrus

(Wernicke’s area, Brodmann area 22).

Question 15

Sensory aprosody:

Answer 15

diminished ability to comprehend emotional inflection of speech due to lesion in R hemisphere analogue of Wernicke’s area.

Question 16

Amnesia and memory

Answer 16

hippocampus is essential for new learning. Only remove 1 hippocampus not both during surgery.

Question 17

Emotion disorder from temporal lobe lesion

Answer 17

basic emotions of flight/fight, feeding, and sexuality as mediated by limbic system from connections between temporal lobe and diencephalon.

Question 18

Temporal lobe epilepsy:

Answer 18

temporolimbic lesion of temporocortical region affecting emotion.
Commonly caused by epilepsy lesions in the brain causing lasting personality changes and a deepened emotionality.

Question 19

Hemineglect

Answer 19

failure to report, respond to, or orient to sensory stimuli that can not be explained by primary sensory dysfunction.

Inattention to one side of the body or extrapersonal space.

Question 20

hemineglect is common after

Answer 20

lesion to R hemisphere (dominant for attention).

Question 21

L hemineglect:

Answer 21

disabling disorder of cognition.

Question 22

Occipitoparietal

Answer 22

dorsal stream, tells “where” in visual system

Question 23

Occipitotemporal

Answer 23

ventral stream, tells “what” something is in the visual stream.

Question 24

Visual field deficits

Answer 24

absence of vision!!!

So actually UNABLE to physically see something.

Question 25

Visual agnosia:

Answer 25

visual image is seen normally, but your brain can’t recognize it (recognition deficit). 1. object agnosia 2. face agnosia 3. simultagnosia

Question 26

Object agnosia:

Answer 26

from L occipitotemporal lesions – can’t understand what something is.

Question 27

Face agnosia:

Answer 27

(prosopagnosia) from R occipitotemporal lesions., no idea who people are.

Question 28

Simultagnosia:

Answer 28

from bilateral occipitotparietal lesions, can’t recognize the entirety of a visual array, so have no idea where things are or how to process a location.