pharm more specific about drugs FA

Question 1

how can you tell if a local anesthetic is an ester or an amide?

Answer 1

amides have 2 “i’s” in them (lidocaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, etc). Esters have one or none (tetracaine, chloroprocaine, etc)

Question 2

flumazenil

Answer 2

benzodiazepine receptor antagonist– reverses the anxiolytic, muscle-relaxant, anticonvulsant and amnestic effects of benzos

Question 3

acetylcysteine is the txt of choice from overdose with…

Answer 3

acetaminophen (active drug in tylenol)

Question 4

how does acetylcysteine work?

Answer 4

it replenishes the glutathione needed to enhance the metabolism of this drug to a non-hepatoxic metabolite

Question 5

atropine- what type of drug and when is it used?

Answer 5

muscarinic antagonist used in cases of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor overdose

Question 6

bicarbonate infusions are used to…

Answer 6

alkalinize urine and enhance the excretion of acidic drugs (ie aspirin)

Question 7

CaNa2 EDTA is used as…

Answer 7

a chelator in lead poisoning

Question 8

deferoxamine is an effective chelator for poisoning with…

Answer 8

iron salts

Question 9

ethanol is used in cases of …

Answer 9

methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

Question 10

naloxone

Answer 10

a pure opioid antagonist that reverses the toxic effects of opioid analgesics, such as respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension

Question 11

physostigmine is used in cases of…

Answer 11

anticholinergic agent overdose

Question 12

pralidoxime

Answer 12

an acetylcholinesterase reactivating agent used in cases of organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase inhibitor overdose

Question 13

benzodiazepines are sedative-hypnotic agents that exert what 4 effects?

Answer 13

1. anxiolytic
2. muscle-relaxant
3. anti-convulsants
4. amnestic effects

Question 14

benzodiazepines enhance the action of what neurotransmitter in the CNA?

Answer 14

GABA (inhibitory)

Question 15

What is the drug of choice for a benzo overdose?

Answer 15

Flumazenil

Question 16

5 drugs that would be prescribed for Atonic seizures (seisures that are characterized by a sudden loss of postural muscle tone that lasts only a few secs)

Answer 16

1. valproic acid
2. clonazepam
3. felbamate
4. vigabatrin
5. lamotrigine

Question 17

Valproic acid, clonazepam, felbamate, vigabatrin

and lamotrigine are all commonly used to treat what type of seizure?

Answer 17

atonic (sudden loss of postural muscle tone that lasts only a few secs and can lead to collapse)

Question 18

3 drugs commonly used to treat absence seizures (aka petit mal- characterized by blank stares and an absence in any change in position- they typically occur in children)

Answer 18

1. ethosuximide
2. valproic acid
3. clonazepam

Question 19

2 drugs used to txt moclonic seizures (sudden brief muscle jerks that may involve part of the body or the whole body (also happens to normal ind as they’re falling asleep))

Answer 19

1. valproic acid

2. clonazepam

Question 20

3 drugs used for tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal sezures, characterized by initial phase of tonic contraction, followed by clonic phase in which muscle relaxation is superimposed on muscle contraction. there is a significant post-ictal phase)

Answer 20

1. carbamazepine
2. phenytoin
3. valproic acid

Question 21

phenyclidine (PCP) is aka

Answer 21

angel dust

Question 22

phencyclidine (aka PCP/angel dust) is a dissociative anesthetic that causes what sort of behavioral things…

Answer 22

disorientation, detachment, reckless behavior, impaired judgement and distortions of body behavior

Question 23

phencyclidine (aka PCP/angel dust) is a dissociative anesthetic that causes what sort of somatic signs?

Answer 23

horizontal and vertical nystagmus, mydriasis (pupil dialation) hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, lack of motor coord, and numbness

Question 24

high doses of phencyclidine (PCP) can cause

Answer 24

vomiting, seizures, stupor, coma and death

Question 25

do amphetamines cause nystagmus?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

amphetamines cause

Answer 26

euphoria, hyperactivity, anorexia, short attn span, mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension, sweating and insomina

Question 27

chronic amphetamine use can cause symp similar to what psych disorder?

Answer 27

paranoid schizo

Question 28

ethanol produces what symp

Answer 28

ataxia, psychomotor impairment, disinhibition

Question 29

would acute ethanol consump cause tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis or nystagmus?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

heroin and other opiates cause what physical signs:

Answer 30

constricted pupils (miosis), lethargic or semi-somnolent state, hypotension, and decreased bowel sounds

Question 31

LSD causes what behavioral changes?

Answer 31

perceptual distortions, but few observable behavioral changes.

Question 32

LSD causes what somatic symp

Answer 32

nausea, weakness and paresthesis

Question 33

Bethanechol = used for…

Answer 33

post-op ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention

Question 34

what drug is used for post-op ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention

Answer 34

Bethanechol

Question 35

how does bethanencol work?

Answer 35

activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle; RESISTANT TO AChE!

Question 36

4 direct cholinergic drugs

Answer 36

1. bethanechol
2. Carbechol
3. Pilocarpine
4. Methacholine

Question 37

These drugs are all what type of drug?

1. bethanechol
2. Carbechol
3. Pilocarpine
4. Methacholine

Answer 37

direct cholinergic drug

Question 38

carbachol clinical app?

Answer 38

glaucoma, pupillary contraction, and relief of intraocular pressure

Question 39

action of carbachol?

Answer 39

CARBon copy of ACh

Question 40

Pilocarpine clinical app?

Answer 40

potents stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva. Open-angle and closed angle glaucoma

Question 41

pilocarpine ation:

Answer 41

contracts ciliary muscle of the eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (closed-angle glauc), resistant to AChE. “you cry, drool and sweat on the PILOw”

Question 42

How does methacholine work?

Answer 42

stims the muscarinic receptors in the airway when inhaled– used to test for asthma