pharm more specific about drugs FA Flashcards
how can you tell if a local anesthetic is an ester or an amide?
amides have 2 “i’s” in them (lidocaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, etc). Esters have one or none (tetracaine, chloroprocaine, etc)
flumazenil
benzodiazepine receptor antagonist– reverses the anxiolytic, muscle-relaxant, anticonvulsant and amnestic effects of benzos
acetylcysteine is the txt of choice from overdose with…
acetaminophen (active drug in tylenol)
how does acetylcysteine work?
it replenishes the glutathione needed to enhance the metabolism of this drug to a non-hepatoxic metabolite
atropine- what type of drug and when is it used?
muscarinic antagonist used in cases of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor overdose
bicarbonate infusions are used to…
alkalinize urine and enhance the excretion of acidic drugs (ie aspirin)
CaNa2 EDTA is used as…
a chelator in lead poisoning
deferoxamine is an effective chelator for poisoning with…
iron salts
ethanol is used in cases of …
methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
naloxone
a pure opioid antagonist that reverses the toxic effects of opioid analgesics, such as respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension
physostigmine is used in cases of…
anticholinergic agent overdose
pralidoxime
an acetylcholinesterase reactivating agent used in cases of organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase inhibitor overdose
benzodiazepines are sedative-hypnotic agents that exert what 4 effects?
- anxiolytic
- muscle-relaxant
- anti-convulsants
- amnestic effects
benzodiazepines enhance the action of what neurotransmitter in the CNA?
GABA (inhibitory)
What is the drug of choice for a benzo overdose?
Flumazenil
5 drugs that would be prescribed for Atonic seizures (seisures that are characterized by a sudden loss of postural muscle tone that lasts only a few secs)
- valproic acid
- clonazepam
- felbamate
- vigabatrin
- lamotrigine
Valproic acid, clonazepam, felbamate, vigabatrin
and lamotrigine are all commonly used to treat what type of seizure?
atonic (sudden loss of postural muscle tone that lasts only a few secs and can lead to collapse)
3 drugs commonly used to treat absence seizures (aka petit mal- characterized by blank stares and an absence in any change in position- they typically occur in children)
- ethosuximide
- valproic acid
- clonazepam
2 drugs used to txt moclonic seizures (sudden brief muscle jerks that may involve part of the body or the whole body (also happens to normal ind as they’re falling asleep))
- valproic acid
2. clonazepam
3 drugs used for tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal sezures, characterized by initial phase of tonic contraction, followed by clonic phase in which muscle relaxation is superimposed on muscle contraction. there is a significant post-ictal phase)
- carbamazepine
- phenytoin
- valproic acid
phenyclidine (PCP) is aka
angel dust
phencyclidine (aka PCP/angel dust) is a dissociative anesthetic that causes what sort of behavioral things…
disorientation, detachment, reckless behavior, impaired judgement and distortions of body behavior
phencyclidine (aka PCP/angel dust) is a dissociative anesthetic that causes what sort of somatic signs?
horizontal and vertical nystagmus, mydriasis (pupil dialation) hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, lack of motor coord, and numbness
high doses of phencyclidine (PCP) can cause
vomiting, seizures, stupor, coma and death
do amphetamines cause nystagmus?
no
amphetamines cause
euphoria, hyperactivity, anorexia, short attn span, mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension, sweating and insomina
chronic amphetamine use can cause symp similar to what psych disorder?
paranoid schizo
ethanol produces what symp
ataxia, psychomotor impairment, disinhibition
would acute ethanol consump cause tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis or nystagmus?
no
heroin and other opiates cause what physical signs:
constricted pupils (miosis), lethargic or semi-somnolent state, hypotension, and decreased bowel sounds
LSD causes what behavioral changes?
perceptual distortions, but few observable behavioral changes.
LSD causes what somatic symp
nausea, weakness and paresthesis
Bethanechol = used for…
post-op ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention
what drug is used for post-op ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention
Bethanechol
how does bethanencol work?
activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle; RESISTANT TO AChE!
4 direct cholinergic drugs
- bethanechol
- Carbechol
- Pilocarpine
- Methacholine
These drugs are all what type of drug?
- bethanechol
- Carbechol
- Pilocarpine
- Methacholine
direct cholinergic drug
carbachol clinical app?
glaucoma, pupillary contraction, and relief of intraocular pressure
action of carbachol?
CARBon copy of ACh
Pilocarpine clinical app?
potents stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva. Open-angle and closed angle glaucoma
pilocarpine ation:
contracts ciliary muscle of the eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (closed-angle glauc), resistant to AChE. “you cry, drool and sweat on the PILOw”
How does methacholine work?
stims the muscarinic receptors in the airway when inhaled– used to test for asthma
