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BOARDS!! > epileptic drugs FA > Flashcards

epileptic drugs FA Flashcards

1
Q

12 epilepsy drugs?

A
  1. phenytoin
  2. carbamazepine
  3. lamotrigine
  4. gabapentin
  5. topiramate
  6. phenobarbitol
  7. valproic acid
  8. ethosuximide
  9. Benzodiazepines (diazepam or lorazepam)
  10. Tiagabine
  11. Vigabatrin
  12. Levetiracetam
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2
Q

phenytoin is used for what general condition? mech?

A

-epilepsy

increases Na+ channel inactivation

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3
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is phenytoin used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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4
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is phenytoin used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A
  1. tonic clonic: 1st line
  2. absence: no
  3. status epilepticus: 1st line prophylaxis
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5
Q

what is the first line drug for status-epilepticus prophylaxis?

A

phenytoin

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6
Q

what is the parenteral version of phenytoin?

A

Fosphenytoin

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7
Q

what are the three first line drugs for Tonic-clonic seizures?

A
  1. phenytoin
  2. carbamazepine
  3. Valproic acid
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8
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Carbamezapine used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A
  1. simple: 1st line

2. complex: 1st line

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9
Q

what is the first line drug for simple partial (focal) seizures?

A

carbamezapine

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10
Q

what is the first line drug for complex partial (focal) seizures?

A

carbamezapine

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11
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is carbamezapine used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A
  1. tonic clonic: 1st line
  2. absence: no
  3. status epilepticus: no
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12
Q

mech of carbamazepine?

A

increase Na+ channel inactivation

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13
Q

what is the 1st line drug for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine

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14
Q

Carbamezapine is a drug used for…

A

partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy

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15
Q

Lamotrigine is a drug used for…

A

partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy

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16
Q

lamotrigine mech…

A

blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels

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17
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is lamotrigine used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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18
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is lamotrigine used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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19
Q

Gabapentin is a drug used for… (5)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. peripheral neuropathy
  3. postherpetic neuralgia
  4. migraine prophylaxis
  5. bipolar disorder
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20
Q

Mechanism of Gabapentin?

A

designed as GABA analogue, but primarily inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels

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21
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Gabapentin used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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22
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Gabapentin used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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23
Q

Topiramate is a drug used for (2)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. migraine prevention
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24
Q

what is the mechanism of Topiramate?

A

blocks Na+ channels, increases GABA action

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25
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Topiramate used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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26
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Topiramate used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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27
Q

Phenobarbitol is a drug used for

A

partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy

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28
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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29
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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30
Q

what is the mechanism of phenobarbital?

A

increase GABA- A action

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31
Q

phenobarbital is first line for epilepsy in what population?

A

children

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32
Q

Gabapentin is a drug used for… (5)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. peripheral neuropathy
  3. postherpetic neuralgia
  4. migraine prophylaxis
  5. bipolar disorder
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33
Q

Mechanism of Gabapentin?

A

designed as GABA analogue, but primarily inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels

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34
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Gabapentin used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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35
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Gabapentin used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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36
Q

Topiramate is a drug used for (2)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. migraine prevention
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37
Q

what is the mechanism of Topiramate?

A

blocks Na+ channels, increases GABA action

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38
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Topiramate used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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39
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Topiramate used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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40
Q

which epilepsy drug is also used for peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, migraine prophylaxis and bipolar disorder?

A

Gabapentin

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41
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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42
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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43
Q

what is the mechanism of phenobarbital?

A

increase GABA- A action

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44
Q

phenobarbital is first line for epilepsy in what population?

A

children

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45
Q

Gabapentin is a drug used for… (5)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. peripheral neuropathy
  3. postherpetic neuralgia
  4. migraine prophylaxis
  5. bipolar disorder
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46
Q

Mechanism of Gabapentin?

A

designed as GABA analogue, but primarily inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels

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47
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Gabapentin used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

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48
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Gabapentin used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

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49
Q

Topiramate is a drug used for (2)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. migraine prevention
50
Q

what is the mechanism of Topiramate?

A

blocks Na+ channels, increases GABA action

51
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Topiramate used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

52
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Topiramate used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

53
Q

Phenobarbitol is a drug used for

A

partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy

54
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

55
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

56
Q

what is the mechanism of phenobarbital?

A

increase GABA- A action

57
Q

phenobarbital is first line for epilepsy in what population?

A

children

58
Q

Gabapentin is a drug used for… (5)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. peripheral neuropathy
  3. postherpetic neuralgia
  4. migraine prophylaxis
  5. bipolar disorder
59
Q

Mechanism of Gabapentin?

A

designed as GABA analogue, but primarily inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels

60
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Gabapentin used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

61
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Gabapentin used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

62
Q

Topiramate is a drug used for (2)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy
  2. migraine prevention
63
Q

what is the mechanism of Topiramate?

A

blocks Na+ channels, increases GABA action

64
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Topiramate used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

65
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Topiramate used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

66
Q

Phenobarbitol is a drug used for

A

partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic epilepsy

67
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

68
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Phenobarbital used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

69
Q

what is the mechanism of phenobarbital?

A

increase GABA- A action

70
Q

phenobarbital is first line for epilepsy in what population?

A

children

71
Q

the mechanism of action of Valproic acid?

A

increase Na+ channel inactivation, increase GABA concentration

72
Q

Valproic acid is first line for what type of seizures?

A

tonic-clonic seizures (along with phenytoin and carbamazepine)

73
Q

Valproic acid is used for what? (2)

A
  1. partial (focal) epilepsy (simple and complex) and general epilepsy (tonic-clonic (first line drug) and absence epilepsy)
  2. myoclonic seizures
74
Q

which epilepsy drug is also used for myoclonic seizures?

A

valproic acid

75
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is valproic acid used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: first line
absence seizures: yes
status epilepticus: no

76
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Valproic Acid used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

77
Q

which epilepsy drug is first line in children?

A

phenobarbital

78
Q

which epilepsy drug is used for migraine prevention

A

Topiramate

79
Q

which epilepsy drug is also used for peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, migraine prophylaxis and bipolar disorder?

A

Gabapentin

80
Q

Ethosuximide treats what type of epilepsy?

A

Absence epilepsy (First line!)

81
Q

what is the first line drug for absence epilepsy?

A

Ethosuximide

82
Q

Benzodiazapines (diazepam or lorazepam) are 1st line for what type of epileptic disorder?

A

status epilepticus

83
Q

1st line drugs for status epilepticus are…

A

Benzodiazapines (diazepam or lorazepam)

84
Q

In addition to being the 1st line drug for status epilepticus, Benzodiazapines (diazepam or lorazepam) are used for what?

A

seizures of eclampsia (first line is MgSO4)

85
Q

what is first line for seizures of eclampsia?

A

MgSO4

86
Q

mechanism of Benzodiazapines (diazepam or lorazepam)?

A

increase GABA A receptor frequency

87
Q

What is Tiagabine?

A

drug for simple and complex partial (focal) seizures

88
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Tiagabine used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

89
Q

Mechanism of Tiagabine?

A

Inhibits GABA uptake

90
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Tiagabine used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

none, Tiagabine only works for partial (focal) epilepsy (both simple and complex)

91
Q

What is Vigabatrin?

A

drug for simple and complex partial (focal) seizures

92
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Vigabatrin used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

93
Q

Mechanism of Vigabatrin?

A

Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase —> increases GABA

94
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Vigabatrin used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

none, Vigabatrin only works for partial (focal) epilepsy (both simple and complex)

95
Q

What is Levetiracetam?

A

epileptic drug for simple and complex partial (focal seizures) and tonic-clonic seizures

96
Q

In terms of partial (focal) epilepsy, is Levetiracetam used in simple epilepsy? in complex?

A

simple: yes
complex: yes

97
Q

In terms of Generalized epilepsy, is Levetiracetam used for tonic-clonic seizures?
absence seizures?
status epilepticus?

A

tonic-clonic: yes
absence seizures: no
status epilepticus: no

98
Q

mech of Levetiracetam?

A

Unknown– may modulate GABA and glutamate release

99
Q

4 side effects of benzos?

A
  1. sedation
  2. tolerance
  3. dependence
  4. Stevens Johnson Syndrome
100
Q

Stevens Johnson Syndrome?

A

prodrome of malaise and fever followed by rapid onset of erythematous/purpuric macules (oral, occular, genital). Skin lesions progress to epidermal necrosis and sloughing.

101
Q

prodrome of malaise and fever followed by rapid onset of erythematous/purpuric macules (oral, occular, genital). Skin lesions progress to epidermal necrosis and sloughing.

A

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

102
Q

Stevens Johnson syndrome is the side effect of what 5 epileptic drugs?

A 
benzodiazepines
Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Phenytoin
Lamorigine
103
Q

8 side effects of Carbamazepine?

A
  1. diplopia
  2. ataxia
  3. blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia)
  4. liver toxicity
  5. teratogenesis
  6. induction of cytochrome p450
  7. SIADH
  8. SJS (stevens johnson syndrome)
104
Q

these are the side effects of what drug?

  1. diplopia
  2. ataxia
  3. blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia)
  4. liver toxicity
  5. teratogenesis
  6. induction of cytochrome p450
  7. SIADH
  8. SJS (stevens johnson syndrome)
A

Carbamazepine

105
Q

phenytoin has what 13 side effects?

A
  1. nystagmus
  2. diplopia
  3. ataxia
  4. sedation
  5. gingival hyperplasia
  6. hirsutism
  7. megaloblastic anemia
  8. teratogenesis (fetal hydantoin syndrome)
  9. SLE-like syndrome
  10. Induction of cytochrome p450
  11. Lymphadenopathy
  12. SJS
  13. osteopenia
106
Q

these are the side effects of what med:

  1. nystagmus
  2. diplopia
  3. ataxia
  4. sedation
  5. gingival hyperplasia
  6. hirsutism
  7. megaloblastic anemia
  8. teratogenesis (fetal hydantoin syndrome)
  9. SLE-like syndrome
  10. Induction of cytochrome p450
  11. Lymphadenopathy
  12. SJS
  13. osteopenia
A

phenytoin

107
Q

5 side effects of Ethosuximide?

A
  1. GI stress
  2. fatigue
  3. HA
  4. urticaria
  5. SJS
108
Q

what is the mnemonic EFGH?

A

Ethosuximide (epilepsy drug): Fatique, GI, HA (side effects)

109
Q

these are the side effects of what drug?

  1. GI stress
  2. fatigue
  3. HA
  4. urticaria
  5. SJS
A

Ethosuximide

110
Q

4 side effects of phenobarbital?

A
  1. sedation
  2. tolerance
  3. dependence
  4. induction of cytochrome p450
111
Q

these are the side effects of what epilepsy drug?

  1. sedation
  2. tolerance
  3. dependence
  4. induction of cytochrome p450
A

phenobarbital

112
Q

5 side effects of valproic acid?

A

GI distress
rare but fatal hepatotoxicity (measure LFTs)
neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida)
tremor
weight gain

113
Q

these are side effects of what epileptic drug?
GI distress
rare but fatal hepatotoxicity (measure LFTs)
neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida)
tremor
weight gain

A

Valproic acid

114
Q

which epileptic drug is contraindicated in preg?

A

Valproic Acid- causes neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida)

115
Q

which epileptic drug do you have to test LFTs for? Why?

A

Valproic acid– causes rare but fatal hepatotoxicity

116
Q

side effects of Lamotrigine

A

SJS

117
Q

4 side effects of topiramate

A
  1. sedation
  2. mental dulling
  3. kidney stones
  4. weight loss
118
Q

these are the side effects of what anti-epileptic drug?

  1. sedation
  2. mental dulling
  3. kidney stones
  4. weight loss
A

topiramate

119
Q

mech of phenytoin?

A

use-dependent blockade of Na+ channels —> inhib glutamate release from excitatory presynaptic neurons

120
Q

phenytoin is used for what two things?

A 
tonic-clonic seizures
class IB antiarrhythmic

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