cranial nerves

Question 1

CNI
name?
function?

Answer 1

name: olfactory
function: sense of smell

Question 2

CNII
name?
Function?

Answer 2

name: optic nerve
func: vision

Question 3

CN III
name?
func?

Answer 3

name: occulomotor
func: pupillary constriction, opening the eye (lid elevation) and most extraoccular movements

Question 4

CN IV
name?
func?

Answer 4

Name: trochlear
func: downward, internal rotation of the eye

Question 5

CN V
name?
func?

Answer 5

name: Trigeminal
func:
1. Motor- temporal and masseter muscles (jaw clenching), lateral pterygoids (lateral jaw movement)
2. sensory- facial. Three divisions (opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular)

Question 6

three sensory divisions of CN5 (trigeminal)

Answer 6

opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Question 7

CN VI
name:
func:

Answer 7

name: Abducens
func: lateral deviation of the eyes

Question 8

CN VII
name:
func:

Answer 8

name: facial nerve
func:
1. motor: facial mvmt, including facial expresion, closing the eye and closing the mouth
2. sensory: taste for salty, sweet, sour and bitter substances on the ant. 2/3 of the tongue

Question 9

CN VIII
name:
func:

Answer 9

name: acoustic (vestibulocochlear nerve)
func: hearing (cochlear division) and balance (vestibular division)

Question 10

CN IX
name:
func:

Answer 10

NAME: glossapharyngeal
func:
motor: pharynx
sensory: posterior portions of the eardrum and ear canal, the pharynx, and the posterior tongue (including taste (salty, sweet, sour and bitter)

Question 11

CN X
name:
Func:

Answer 11

name: vagus
func:
motor: palate, pharynx and larynx
sensory: pharynx andlarynx

Question 12

CN XI
name:
func:

Answer 12

name: spinal accessory nerve
func: motor- sternocleidomastoid and upper portion of hte trapezius

Question 13

CN XII
name:
func:

Answer 13

name: hypoglossal
func: motor: tongue

Question 14

what two nerves are in the cerebellopontine angle and are therefore vulnerable to tumors there?

Answer 14

CN VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear)

Question 15

what is the cerebellopontine angle and what two optic nerves come out of it?

Answer 15

traingle formed by the cerebellum, upper medulla and midle cerebral peduncle.

• the facial and cestibulocochlear nerve emerge from the brainstem here

Question 16

what are the two most common tumors in the cerebellopontine angle (and therefore affect the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves?)

Answer 16

acoustic neuromas (805) and meningiomas

Question 17

the glossapharyngeal nerve (CN9) and vagus nerve (10) emerge from the brainstem where?

Answer 17

at the post-olivary sulcus (caudal to the cerebellopontine angle)

Question 18

the optic nerve exits from…

Answer 18

the optic chiasm on the ventral surface of the diencephalon- rostral to the cerebellopontine angle

Question 19

the trigeminal nerve emerges from the brainstem….

Answer 19

at the anerolateral surface of the pons (rostral and ventral to the cerebellopontine angle)

Question 20

painless loss of central vision in both eyes, even if it’s worse in one eye than the other, in an 83 year old is likely due to…

Answer 20

age-related macular degeneration

Question 21

two forms of age-related macular degeneration

Answer 21

1) atrophic macular degeneration (dry form)- pigmentary changes in maculae with no hemorrhage/scarring
2) exudative macular degeneration (wet form)- there’s a network of new vessel formation below the retina —> source of intraretinal hemorrhage and subretinal fluid (can contract with scar formation)

Question 22

unlike age-related macular degeneration, central artery occlusion leading to central blindness would present…

Answer 22

as a sudden, unilateral, painless visual loss (age related would be bilateral, painless and either sudden or progressive)

Question 23

nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by…

Answer 23

microaneurysms, hemorrhages and exudates of the retina

Question 24

like non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by microaneurysms, hemorrhages and exudates of the retina. But it also has…

Answer 24

neovascularization with extension of vessels into the vitreous

Question 25

can a retinal detachment be seen?

Answer 25

yes, as a raised area of retina (unless there’s been hemorrhage into the vitreous)

Question 26

what CN leaves the cribiform plate?

Answer 26

CN 1 olfactory

Question 27

what CN + artery leaves the optic canal?

Answer 27

CN II (optic) + opthalmic art.

Question 28

what CNs leaves the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 28

III (occularmotor), IV (trochlear), VI (abducens), V- V1 (ophthalmic of trigem)

Question 29

what CN leaves the foramen rotondum

Answer 29

V- V2 (maxillary branch of the trigem.)

Question 30

what CN leaves the foramen ovale?

Answer 30

V- V3 (mandibular branch of trigem)

Question 31

what art enters the foramen spinosum?

Answer 31

middle meningeal art

Question 32

what cn leaves the internal auditory meatus?

Answer 32

VII- facial

VIII- vestibulocochlear

Question 33

what CNs leave the jugular foramen?

Answer 33

IX (glossopharyngeal) X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory)

Question 34

what CN leaves the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 34

CN XII (hypoglossal)

Question 35

what CN enters via the foramen magnum? what else enters there?

Answer 35

XI (spinal accessory). spinal cord and vertebral arts also enter there

Question 36

recurrent larngeal nerve is a branch of the…

Answer 36

vagus

Question 37

the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates…

Answer 37

all intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT the cricothyroid, which is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve

Question 38

what is the one intrinsic laryngeal muscle that the recurrent laryngeal nerve doesn’t innervate?

Answer 38

the cricothyroid- which is attached to the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

Question 39

what does the cricothyroid, the one intrinsic laryngeal muscle that the recurrent laryngeal nerve doesn’t innervate, do?

Answer 39

contraction of this muscle stretches and adducts the vocal ligament

Question 40

the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve controls salivation from which glands?

Answer 40

submandibular and sublingual

Question 41

the parotid gland is controlled by…

Answer 41

glossapharyngeal (IX)

Question 42

which nerve innervateds the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Answer 42

Facial (VII)- specifically the chorda tympani branch