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PHARM > PHARM exam 8--medicines > Flashcards

PHARM exam 8--medicines Flashcards

1
Q

Amphotericin B causes some degree of ____ damage in 80% of the patients who take it.

A

kidney

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2
Q

what to closely monitor for in . Amphotericin B

A

F/E status

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3
Q

what can Amphotericin B cause

A

ototoxicity

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4
Q

don’t give ketoconazole in patients with chronic ____ because this drug can be toxic to the liver

A

alcoholism

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5
Q

don’t use what type of antifungals intravaginally while PG?

A

superficial

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6
Q

how can you take nystatin?

A

“swish and swallow”
or
“swish and spit”

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7
Q

test for G6PD deficiency with what drug?

A

chloroquine

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8
Q

chloroquine can precipitate what?

A

anemia and

bone marrow depression

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9
Q

obtain baseline ___ with chloroquine.

A

ECG

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10
Q

these drugs are contraindicated in alcoholics

A

non-malarial antiprotozoal drugs

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11
Q

mechanism of action for amphotericin B

A

bind to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, causing them to become permeable or leaky.

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12
Q

adverse effects of amphotericin B

A

fever and chills
vomiting
headache

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13
Q

what is common in IV therapy of amphotericin B?

A

phlebitis

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14
Q

weird problems that are possible with amphotericin B?

A

cardiac arrest
hypotension
dysrhythmias

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15
Q

what is the mechanism of action for fluconazole?

A

interfere with the synthesis of ergosterol

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16
Q

the primary use for fluconazole is to penetrate most body membranes to reach fungal infections in the?

A 
CNS
bone
eyes
urinary tract
respiratory tract
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17
Q

whats possible with high doses of fluconazole?

A

NVD

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18
Q

what has been reported in pts who are immunosuppressed and are taking fluconazole?

A

stevens-johnson syndrome

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19
Q

nystatin mechanism of action

A

bind to sterols in the fungal cell membrane, allowing leakage of intracellular contents

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20
Q

primary use for nystatin

A

topically for candida infections of the skin, mouth, and vagina

21
Q

ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS:

3

A

amphotericin B
fluconazole
nystatin

22
Q

adverse effects of nystatin?

A

skin irritation

23
Q

adverse effects of nystatin taken orally?

A

NVD

24
Q

antiprotozoa antimalarial drug

A

chloroquine

25
Q

mechanisms of action for chloroquine

A

concentrate in the food vacuoles of plasmodium residing in RBCs

26
Q

Adverse effects of chloroquine

A

N/D

27
Q

at higher doses of chloroquine what adverse effects may occur?

A

CNS,
cardiovascular,
and retinal toxicity

28
Q

antiprotozoal nonmalarial drug

A

metronidazole

29
Q

metrondiazole tx’s most form of ______.

A

amebiasis

30
Q

metrondiazole treats a number of ? infections.

A

respiratory
bone
skin
CNS

31
Q

adverse effects of metrondiazole?

A 
anorexia
nausea
diarrhea
dizziness
headache
32
Q

what may be experienced when taking metrondiazole?

A

dry mouth and

unpleasant metallic taste

33
Q

when taking metrondiazole you may have a _____ effect.

A

disulfiram

34
Q

antihelminthic drug

A

mebendazole

35
Q

mebendazole retains high concentrations in the ____, where it kills both the adult and larval parasites

A

intestine

36
Q

what kind of tests do you want to obtain for amphotericin B?

labs

A

renal fxn including:

CBC
chemistry panel
BUN
creatinine

37
Q

the primary use is in combination with other antiretrovirals for both symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-infected patients

A

zidovudine

38
Q

to reduce the transmission rate of HIV from an HIV positive mother to her fetus

A

zidovudine

39
Q

nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors:

A

zidovudine

40
Q

efavirenz can cause ____ effects in at least 50% of patients when first initiating therapy

A

CNS

41
Q

what other s/sx of efavirenz?

A 
sleep disorders
nightmares
dizziness
reduced ability to concentrate
delusions
42
Q

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

efavirenz

43
Q

when do symptoms diminish for efavirenz?

A

after 3-4 weeks of therapy

44
Q

inhibit the viral enzyme protease

A

lopinavir with ritonavir

45
Q

it is the preferred drug for the initial therapy of HIV infection

A

lopinavir with ritonavir

46
Q

prevent viral DNA synthesis

A

acyclovir

47
Q

acyclovir is most effective against

A

HSV-1 and HSV-2

48
Q

alkylating agents may be withheld if what fall below a predetermined limit during therapy

A

RBC
WBC
platelet counts

PHARM (11 decks)

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