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PHARM > PHARM EXAM 3- ch. 23-24 > Flashcards

PHARM EXAM 3- ch. 23-24 Flashcards

1
Q

what are NSAIDs used for?

A

inflammation

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2
Q

what are radiographic (IV) contrast agents used for?

A

dx of kidney and vascular disorders

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3
Q

what is Lasix trade name?

A

furosemide

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4
Q

which type of diuretic is Lasix?

A

loop

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5
Q

is often used for the tx of heart failure bc it has the ability to remove large amounts of excess fluid from the patient in a short period.

A

Lasix (furosemide)

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6
Q

furosemide acts by preventing…..

A

the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle region in the nephron

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7
Q

furosemide is particularly beneficial when….

A

cardiac and renal flow are severely diminished

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8
Q

hydrochlorothiazide trade name

A

Microzide

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9
Q

is the most widely prescribed diuretic for HTN.

has few adverse affects

effective at lowering BP by 10-20 mmHg.

A

hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)

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10
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) is approved to treat:

A 
ascites
edema
heart failure
HTN
nephrotic syndrome
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11
Q

where does hydrochlorthiazide act on the kidney?

A

the kidney tubule to decrease the reabsorption of Na+

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12
Q

what is spironolactone’s trade name?

A

Aldactone?

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13
Q

most frequently prescribed potassium sparing diuretic

A

spironolactone (Aldactone)

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14
Q

spironolactone (Aldactone) is used to tx what?

A

mild HTN (often used in combo with other antihypertensives)

reduce edema associated with kidney or liver disease

slows the progression of heart failure

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15
Q

how does spironolactone (Aldactone) act?

A

by inhibiting aldosterone.

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16
Q

the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex responsible for increasing the renal reabsorption of Na+ in exchange for K+, thus causing water retentition

A

aldosterone

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17
Q

normal saline is

A

isotonic 0.9%

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18
Q

hypertonic saline is

A

3%

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19
Q

hypotonic saline is

A

0.45%

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20
Q

D5W is

A

isotonic in the bag hypotonic in the body

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21
Q

potassium chloride is the drug of choice for preventing or treating….

A

hypokalemia & milk forms of alkalosis

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22
Q

KCl

A

potassium chloride

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23
Q

how to never give potassium chloride?

A

IV push

IM injections

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24
Q

Sodium bicarbonate is a drug of choice for correcting

A

metabolic acidosis

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25
Q

pH value

A

7.35-7.45

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26
Q

Na+

A

135-145mEq/L

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27
Q

Ca++

A

8-10

28
Q

Cl-

A

85-115

29
Q

HCO3-

A

22-26

30
Q

K+

A

3.5-5.5

31
Q

PO4+

A

2.5-4.5

32
Q

Mg+

A

1.3-2.0

33
Q

Diuril

A

Chlorothiazide

34
Q

which type of diuretic is diuril?

A

thiazide diuretic

35
Q

diuril treats what

A

HTN (high BP)

36
Q

function of kidneys

A

fluid balance
electrolyte composition
A/B balance of body fluids

37
Q

renin

A

regulates BP

38
Q

erythropoeitin

A

RBC production

39
Q

calcitrol

A

active form of Vit. D for bone homeostasis

40
Q

Kidneys secrete what 3 elements?

A

renin
erythropoietin
calcitrol

41
Q

urinary system build up

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra

42
Q

once in the nephron the fluid is called____

A

filtrate

43
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

44
Q

how does blood go through the kidneys

A

blood enters nephron

its filtered through the glomerulus

water & small molecules pass through the glomerulus & enter the bowman’s capsule

45
Q

decrease in the kidneys ability to maintain electrolyte & fluid balance & to excrete waste products

A

renal failure

46
Q

tx goal of renal failure

A

maintain blood flow through the kidneys

adequate urine output

47
Q

best marker for estimating kidney fxn. its the volume of filtrate passing through bowman’s capsule per min.

A

GFR

48
Q

if patient has renal failure:

A

meds can accumulate to high levels

med dosages need to be adjusted

administering an avg. dose of med could be fatal

49
Q

check renal fxn of older adults after surgery because if decreased it could lead to ____

A

confusion

50
Q

biggest cause of acute renal failure

A

hypoperfusion

51
Q

other causes of acute renal failure

A 
heart failure
dysrhythmias
hemorrhage
toxins
dehydration
52
Q

causes for chronic renal failure

A

HTN

DM

53
Q

can cause acute or chronic renal failure

A

nephrotoxic drugs

54
Q

drug that increases the rate of urine flow

A

diuretic

55
Q

pts. who need diuretics

A 
HTN
heart failure
kidney failure
liver failure or cirrhosis
pulmonary edema
56
Q

how do diuretics work?

A

blocking Na+ reabsorption thus sending more Na+ to the urine.

57
Q

most effective diuretic.

A

loop diuretics

58
Q

how do loop diuretics work?

A

act by blocking Na+ & Cl- reabsorption in the loop of hence.

59
Q

most commonly prescribed loop diuretic

A

furosemide (Lasix)

60
Q

increased urine output even when blood flow to the kidney is diminshed

A

furosemide (Lasix)

61
Q

are less effective at producing diuresis than loop diuretics & are ineffective in pts with severe renal failure

A

thiazide diuretics

62
Q

how do thiazide diuretics work?

A

act on the distal tubule to block Na+ reabsorptioin & increase K+ & water excretion

63
Q

most widely prescribed diuretic for HTN

10-20 mmHg decrease in BP

acts on kidney tubule to decrease reabsorption of Na+

A

Hydrochlorothiazidde (microzide)

64
Q

increase diuresis without affecting blood K+ like loop & thiazide diuretics do

A

potassium sparing diuretics

65
Q

blocks aldosterone & increases excretion of Na+ & retention of K+

weak diuresis

treats hyperaldosteronism & mild HTN.

slows profession of heart failure

A

spironolactone

66
Q

a measure of the # of dissolved particles or solutes in 1kg (1L) of water

A

osmolality

PHARM (11 decks)

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