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PHARM > PHARM EXAM 3- ch. 23-24 > Flashcards

PHARM EXAM 3- ch. 23-24 Flashcards

1
Q

what are NSAIDs used for?

A

inflammation

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2
Q

what are radiographic (IV) contrast agents used for?

A

dx of kidney and vascular disorders

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3
Q

what is Lasix trade name?

A

furosemide

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4
Q

which type of diuretic is Lasix?

A

loop

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5
Q

is often used for the tx of heart failure bc it has the ability to remove large amounts of excess fluid from the patient in a short period.

A

Lasix (furosemide)

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6
Q

furosemide acts by preventing…..

A

the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle region in the nephron

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7
Q

furosemide is particularly beneficial when….

A

cardiac and renal flow are severely diminished

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8
Q

hydrochlorothiazide trade name

A

Microzide

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9
Q

is the most widely prescribed diuretic for HTN.

has few adverse affects

effective at lowering BP by 10-20 mmHg.

A

hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)

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10
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) is approved to treat:

A 
ascites
edema
heart failure
HTN
nephrotic syndrome
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11
Q

where does hydrochlorthiazide act on the kidney?

A

the kidney tubule to decrease the reabsorption of Na+

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12
Q

what is spironolactone’s trade name?

A

Aldactone?

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13
Q

most frequently prescribed potassium sparing diuretic

A

spironolactone (Aldactone)

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14
Q

spironolactone (Aldactone) is used to tx what?

A

mild HTN (often used in combo with other antihypertensives)

reduce edema associated with kidney or liver disease

slows the progression of heart failure

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15
Q

how does spironolactone (Aldactone) act?

A

by inhibiting aldosterone.

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16
Q

the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex responsible for increasing the renal reabsorption of Na+ in exchange for K+, thus causing water retentition

A

aldosterone

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17
Q

normal saline is

A

isotonic 0.9%

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18
Q

hypertonic saline is

A

3%

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19
Q

hypotonic saline is

A

0.45%

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20
Q

D5W is

A

isotonic in the bag hypotonic in the body

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21
Q

potassium chloride is the drug of choice for preventing or treating….

A

hypokalemia & milk forms of alkalosis

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22
Q

KCl

A

potassium chloride

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23
Q

how to never give potassium chloride?

A

IV push

IM injections

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24
Q

Sodium bicarbonate is a drug of choice for correcting

A

metabolic acidosis

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25
pH value
7.35-7.45
26
Na+
135-145mEq/L
27
Ca++
8-10
28
Cl-
85-115
29
HCO3-
22-26
30
K+
3.5-5.5
31
PO4+
2.5-4.5
32
Mg+
1.3-2.0
33
Diuril
Chlorothiazide
34
which type of diuretic is diuril?
thiazide diuretic
35
diuril treats what
HTN (high BP)
36
function of kidneys
fluid balance electrolyte composition A/B balance of body fluids
37
renin
regulates BP
38
erythropoeitin
RBC production
39
calcitrol
active form of Vit. D for bone homeostasis
40
Kidneys secrete what 3 elements?
renin erythropoietin calcitrol
41
urinary system build up
2 kidneys 2 ureters 1 bladder 1 urethra
42
once in the nephron the fluid is called____
filtrate
43
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
44
how does blood go through the kidneys
blood enters nephron its filtered through the glomerulus water & small molecules pass through the glomerulus & enter the bowman's capsule
45
decrease in the kidneys ability to maintain electrolyte & fluid balance & to excrete waste products
renal failure
46
tx goal of renal failure
maintain blood flow through the kidneys adequate urine output
47
best marker for estimating kidney fxn. its the volume of filtrate passing through bowman's capsule per min.
GFR
48
if patient has renal failure:
meds can accumulate to high levels med dosages need to be adjusted administering an avg. dose of med could be fatal
49
check renal fxn of older adults after surgery because if decreased it could lead to ____
confusion
50
biggest cause of acute renal failure
hypoperfusion
51
other causes of acute renal failure
``` heart failure dysrhythmias hemorrhage toxins dehydration ```
52
causes for chronic renal failure
HTN DM
53
can cause acute or chronic renal failure
nephrotoxic drugs
54
drug that increases the rate of urine flow
diuretic
55
pts. who need diuretics
``` HTN heart failure kidney failure liver failure or cirrhosis pulmonary edema ```
56
how do diuretics work?
blocking Na+ reabsorption thus sending more Na+ to the urine.
57
most effective diuretic.
loop diuretics
58
how do loop diuretics work?
act by blocking Na+ & Cl- reabsorption in the loop of hence.
59
most commonly prescribed loop diuretic
furosemide (Lasix)
60
increased urine output even when blood flow to the kidney is diminshed
furosemide (Lasix)
61
are less effective at producing diuresis than loop diuretics & are ineffective in pts with severe renal failure
thiazide diuretics
62
how do thiazide diuretics work?
act on the distal tubule to block Na+ reabsorptioin & increase K+ & water excretion
63
most widely prescribed diuretic for HTN 10-20 mmHg decrease in BP acts on kidney tubule to decrease reabsorption of Na+
Hydrochlorothiazidde (microzide)
64
increase diuresis without affecting blood K+ like loop & thiazide diuretics do
potassium sparing diuretics
65
blocks aldosterone & increases excretion of Na+ & retention of K+ weak diuresis treats hyperaldosteronism & mild HTN. slows profession of heart failure
spironolactone
66
a measure of the # of dissolved particles or solutes in 1kg (1L) of water
osmolality

PHARM (11 decks)

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