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PHARM > PHARM EXAM 11 > Flashcards

PHARM EXAM 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Warms, humidifies, and cleans incoming air

A

upper resp. tract

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2
Q

nasal mucosa richly supplied with?

A

vascular tissue

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3
Q

upper resp tract is controlled by?

A

autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

upper resp. tract prevents particulate matter and pathogens from getting into?

A

bronchioles & alveoli

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5
Q

is first line immunological defense in upper resp tract?

A

ciliated epithelium
nasal mucus
mast cells that line nasal mucosa

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6
Q

inflammation of nasal mucosa

A

allergic rhinitis

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7
Q

allergic rhinitis is characterized by?

A

sneezing
water eyes
nasal congestion

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8
Q

allergic rhinitis is caused by?

A

exposure to antigen (allergen)

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9
Q

allergic rhinitis causes release of what?

A

histamine

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10
Q

chemical mediator of inflammatory response

A

histamine

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11
Q

found in smooth muscle of vascular system and bronchial tree

causes many symptoms of allergic rhinitis

A

histamine 1

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12
Q

found in stomach

responsible for peptic ulcers

A

histamine 2

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13
Q

drug of choice in treating allergic rhinitis

A

intranasal glucocorticoids

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14
Q

high efficacy and wide margin of safety

A

intranasal glucocorticoids

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15
Q

when will intranasal glucocorticoids be administered?

A

2-3 weeks prior to allergen exposure

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16
Q

most commonly used decongestants

A

intranasal & oral sympathomimetics

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17
Q

alleviate nasal congestion of allergic rhinitis & common cold

A

intranasal & oral sympathomimetics

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18
Q

more efficacious

only use for 3-5 days due to rebound congestion

available in OTC sprays & drops

A

intranasal preparations

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19
Q

affect local action within minutes

have few systemic effects

A

intranasal preparations

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20
Q

have more systemic effects

response time is slower

A

oral preparation decongestants

21
Q

less effective at relieving severe congestion

often combined with antihistamine preparations

A

oral preparation decongestants

22
Q

a natural reflex mechanism

A

cough

23
Q

serves to forcibly remove excess secretions and foreign material

A

cough

24
Q

what creates coughs

A

common colds and allergies

25
Q

effective at relieving cough

A

antitussives

26
Q

what is used for severe cough

A

opioids

27
Q

used for mild to moderate cough

A

non-opioids

28
Q

ex of non opioid for cough

A

dextromethorphan

29
Q

promote mucus secretions

A

expectorants

30
Q

make it thinner, easier to remove by coughing

A

expectorants

31
Q

directly break down mucous molecule

A

mucolytics

32
Q

increase bronchial secretions

A

expectorants

33
Q

example of expectorants

A

guaifenesin

34
Q

most effective in treating dry, non-productive cough

A

expectorants

35
Q

asthma is a ?

A

chronic dx

36
Q

has both inflammatory and bronchospasm components

A

asthma

37
Q

symptoms of asthma occur from?

A

from exposure to triggers

upon exertion (exercise induced)

38
Q

prolonged attack of asthma

A

status asthmaticus

39
Q

drugs are used for in asthma?

A

prevent asthmatic attacks

terminate attack in progress

40
Q

client with asthma can present with?

A

acute or chronic symptoms

41
Q

most effective drugs for relieving acute bronchospam

A

beta-adrenergic agonists

42
Q

activate beta2-receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation

A

beta-adrenergic agonists

43
Q

beta-adrenergic agonists have fewer ___ side effects than older nonselective beta-adrenergics

A

cardiac

44
Q

beta-adrenergic agonists range from?

A

ultrashort to long acting

45
Q

produces rapid bronchodilation

little systemic toxicity

A

inhalation therapy

46
Q

is the most common anticholinergic prescribed for COPD and asthma

A

ipratropium (Atrovent)

47
Q

anticholinergics are most effective when used in combo with?

A

beta-agonist

48
Q

example of beta-agonist

A

combivent

49
Q

the newest anticholinergic in this class

A

tiotropium

PHARM (11 decks)

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