PHARM EXAM 11

Question 1

Warms, humidifies, and cleans incoming air

Answer 1

upper resp. tract

Question 2

nasal mucosa richly supplied with?

Answer 2

vascular tissue

Question 3

upper resp tract is controlled by?

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system

Question 4

upper resp. tract prevents particulate matter and pathogens from getting into?

Answer 4

bronchioles & alveoli

Question 5

is first line immunological defense in upper resp tract?

Answer 5

ciliated epithelium
nasal mucus
mast cells that line nasal mucosa

Question 6

inflammation of nasal mucosa

Answer 6

allergic rhinitis

Question 7

allergic rhinitis is characterized by?

Answer 7

sneezing
water eyes
nasal congestion

Question 8

allergic rhinitis is caused by?

Answer 8

exposure to antigen (allergen)

Question 9

allergic rhinitis causes release of what?

Answer 9

histamine

Question 10

chemical mediator of inflammatory response

Answer 10

histamine

Question 11

found in smooth muscle of vascular system and bronchial tree

causes many symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Answer 11

histamine 1

Question 12

found in stomach

responsible for peptic ulcers

Answer 12

histamine 2

Question 13

drug of choice in treating allergic rhinitis

Answer 13

intranasal glucocorticoids

Question 14

high efficacy and wide margin of safety

Answer 14

intranasal glucocorticoids

Question 15

when will intranasal glucocorticoids be administered?

Answer 15

2-3 weeks prior to allergen exposure

Question 16

most commonly used decongestants

Answer 16

intranasal & oral sympathomimetics

Question 17

alleviate nasal congestion of allergic rhinitis & common cold

Answer 17

intranasal & oral sympathomimetics

Question 18

more efficacious

only use for 3-5 days due to rebound congestion

available in OTC sprays & drops

Answer 18

intranasal preparations

Question 19

affect local action within minutes

have few systemic effects

Answer 19

intranasal preparations

Question 20

have more systemic effects

response time is slower

Answer 20

oral preparation decongestants

Question 21

less effective at relieving severe congestion

often combined with antihistamine preparations

Answer 21

oral preparation decongestants

Question 22

a natural reflex mechanism

Answer 22

cough

Question 23

serves to forcibly remove excess secretions and foreign material

Answer 23

cough

Question 24

what creates coughs

Answer 24

common colds and allergies

Question 25

effective at relieving cough

Answer 25

antitussives

Question 26

what is used for severe cough

Answer 26

opioids

Question 27

used for mild to moderate cough

Answer 27

non-opioids

Question 28

ex of non opioid for cough

Answer 28

dextromethorphan

Question 29

promote mucus secretions

Answer 29

expectorants

Question 30

make it thinner, easier to remove by coughing

Answer 30

expectorants

Question 31

directly break down mucous molecule

Answer 31

mucolytics

Question 32

increase bronchial secretions

Answer 32

expectorants

Question 33

example of expectorants

Answer 33

guaifenesin

Question 34

most effective in treating dry, non-productive cough

Answer 34

expectorants

Question 35

asthma is a ?

Answer 35

chronic dx

Question 36

has both inflammatory and bronchospasm components

Answer 36

asthma

Question 37

symptoms of asthma occur from?

Answer 37

from exposure to triggers upon exertion (exercise induced)

Question 38

prolonged attack of asthma

Answer 38

status asthmaticus

Question 39

drugs are used for in asthma?

Answer 39

prevent asthmatic attacks terminate attack in progress

Question 40

client with asthma can present with?

Answer 40

acute or chronic symptoms

Question 41

most effective drugs for relieving acute bronchospam

Answer 41

beta-adrenergic agonists

Question 42

activate beta2-receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation

Answer 42

beta-adrenergic agonists

Question 43

beta-adrenergic agonists have fewer ___ side effects than older nonselective beta-adrenergics

Answer 43

cardiac

Question 44

beta-adrenergic agonists range from?

Answer 44

ultrashort to long acting

Question 45

produces rapid bronchodilation little systemic toxicity

Answer 45

inhalation therapy

Question 46

is the most common anticholinergic prescribed for COPD and asthma

Answer 46

ipratropium (Atrovent)

Question 47

anticholinergics are most effective when used in combo with?

Answer 47

beta-agonist

Question 48

example of beta-agonist

Answer 48

combivent

Question 49

the newest anticholinergic in this class

Answer 49

tiotropium