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PHARM > Pharm-- Exam 7 > Flashcards

Pharm-- Exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q

any identified substance that can form a disease

A

pathogen

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2
Q

innate (nonspecific) body defenses

A

first line of defense

barrier to microbes or environmental hazards

deny entrance of pathogens

physical barriers

inflammation

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3
Q

present when our innate body defenses are activated from a pharmacologic perspective

A

inflammation

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4
Q

adaptive (specific) body defenses are known as

A

immune response

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5
Q

lymphocytes interact with

A

antigens

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6
Q

two major divisions of the immune system

A

antibody mediated (humoral)

and

cell mediated

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7
Q

B cells are in what divison

A

humoral

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8
Q

T cells are in what division

A

cell meditated

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9
Q

recognize the body has been infected with a pathogen and clone themselves rapidly.

takes 10 days to recognize the pathogen the 1st time

A

B cells

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10
Q

B cells become

A

memory cells

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11
Q

What do T cells do?

A

call up the B cells to fight off the pathogens

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12
Q

activate the immune response

A

Cell mediated

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13
Q

intiated when antigen encounters B cell

activated B cell divides and becomes plasma cell

A

humoral

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14
Q

plasma cells secrete antibodies that are called

A

immunoglobulins

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15
Q

neutralize foreign agent

mark it for destruction by other defense cells

peak production occurs in about 10 days

A

immunoglobulins

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16
Q

can speed a future defense against a specific antigen

A

memory B cells

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17
Q

activation of specific T cells

A

cell mediated immunity

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18
Q

two types of T cells

A

helper T cells (CD4 receptor)

and

cytotoxic T cells (CD8 receptor)

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19
Q

activate most other immune cells

A

Helper T cells (CD4 receptor)

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20
Q

travel through body, killing bacteria, parasites, viruses, cancer cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 receptor)

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21
Q

hormone like proteins that regulate intensity and duration of immune response

mediate cell to cell communication

A

cytokines

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22
Q

cytokines are secreted by ?

A

T cells

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23
Q

examples of cytokines

A

interferon and interleukin

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24
Q

what do vaccines do?

A

keep the body from getting a disease

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25
what are common side effects post vaccine?
``` redness at site discomfort at site milk fever minor aches minor rash may appear with live vaccines ```
26
where are almost all vaccines given?
IM
27
how to vaccines work?
a dead virus is injected into the body then the body builds up antigens for it
28
who can't get vaccines
immunocompromised allergies HIV/AIDS certain ages
29
if fever is 101 or lower tx with
motrin
30
how old do you have to be to get motrin?
6 months old
31
if a parent states they don't believe in vaccinating their child?
ask them if there is any info that you could give them to change their mind
32
what do to if a child received a live virus like MMR
don't let them around immunocompromised family members or friends
33
avoid live viruses for pts who
have fever autoimmune dx or corticosteriods
34
given to children at birth; at 1-4 months; and 6-18 months later
hepatitis B (recombivax HB, engerix-B)
35
Hep B is contraindicated when?
hypersensitivity to yeast
36
worst thing that can happen with a vaccine administration?
anaphylaxis
37
passed from mother to baby from breast milk or placenta immunoglobulin
passive immunity
38
vaccines that make the body produce antibodies and memory cells
active immunity
39
immune system stimulated to produce antibodies exposure to antigens produce this vaccines boost antibody production which produces this
active immunity
40
performed antibodies transfer from one person to another maternal antibodies cross the placenta/ immune globulin
passive immunity
41
administered after exposure to a virulent pathogen and also to those who are immunosuppressed.
immune globulin
42
need passive immune globulin therapy because active immunity will not work fast enough for them.
snake bites or pts who stepped on a nail
43
how is measles spread
droplets! (cough and sneeze)
44
biologic response modifiers boost pts. immune system used to treat certain viral infections, immunodeficiencies, and specific cancers
immunostimulants
45
biologic response modifiers
interferons and interleukins
46
interferons and interleukins are contraindicated in
renal dx liver dx PG
47
what to do before admin of interferons and interleukins
get base line labs
48
secreted by lymphocytes and macrophages that have been infected with a virus slow spread of viral infections and enhance activity of leukocytes
interferons
49
adverse effects of interferon
``` fever flu like symptoms chills dizziness fatigue ```
50
what can't you have with interferon
alcohol
51
what to monitor for interferon
base line labs
52
transplanted organs have ____ that trigger immune response
antigens
53
immunosuppressants are toxic to ___ ____.
bone marrow
54
this response is slower, about 2 weeks after surgery.
cell mediated
55
____ ____ can occur months to years later
chronic rejection
56
inhibit patient's immune system used to treat severe autoimmune disease prevent tissue rejection following organ transplantation
immunosuppressants
57
increase risk of infections and lymphoma
immunosuppressants
58
most common inflammatory disorder that is the leading cause of disability in the US
arthritis
59
most common prescription in the US
NSAIDS
60
How can you die from NSAIDS use?
GI bleeding
61
Acetominaphen is
hepatotoxic
62
Ibuprofien (Advin) can cause ____ with chronic use.
renal impairment
63
the most frequent infectious causes of death in the US are
influenza and pneumonia
64
resistant to penicillin
S. aureus
65
2 mechanisms used for eliminating the pathogen:
bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic
66
kills the bacteria
bacteriocidal
67
slows the growth of the bacteria
bacteriostatic
68
how to prevent/reduce the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria
the patient MUST finish entire prescription dose

PHARM (11 decks)

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