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PHARM > Pharm-- Exam 7 > Flashcards

Pharm-- Exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q

any identified substance that can form a disease

A

pathogen

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2
Q

innate (nonspecific) body defenses

A

first line of defense

barrier to microbes or environmental hazards

deny entrance of pathogens

physical barriers

inflammation

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3
Q

present when our innate body defenses are activated from a pharmacologic perspective

A

inflammation

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4
Q

adaptive (specific) body defenses are known as

A

immune response

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5
Q

lymphocytes interact with

A

antigens

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6
Q

two major divisions of the immune system

A

antibody mediated (humoral)

and

cell mediated

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7
Q

B cells are in what divison

A

humoral

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8
Q

T cells are in what division

A

cell meditated

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9
Q

recognize the body has been infected with a pathogen and clone themselves rapidly.

takes 10 days to recognize the pathogen the 1st time

A

B cells

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10
Q

B cells become

A

memory cells

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11
Q

What do T cells do?

A

call up the B cells to fight off the pathogens

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12
Q

activate the immune response

A

Cell mediated

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13
Q

intiated when antigen encounters B cell

activated B cell divides and becomes plasma cell

A

humoral

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14
Q

plasma cells secrete antibodies that are called

A

immunoglobulins

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15
Q

neutralize foreign agent

mark it for destruction by other defense cells

peak production occurs in about 10 days

A

immunoglobulins

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16
Q

can speed a future defense against a specific antigen

A

memory B cells

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17
Q

activation of specific T cells

A

cell mediated immunity

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18
Q

two types of T cells

A

helper T cells (CD4 receptor)

and

cytotoxic T cells (CD8 receptor)

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19
Q

activate most other immune cells

A

Helper T cells (CD4 receptor)

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20
Q

travel through body, killing bacteria, parasites, viruses, cancer cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 receptor)

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21
Q

hormone like proteins that regulate intensity and duration of immune response

mediate cell to cell communication

A

cytokines

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22
Q

cytokines are secreted by ?

A

T cells

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23
Q

examples of cytokines

A

interferon and interleukin

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24
Q

what do vaccines do?

A

keep the body from getting a disease

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25
Q

what are common side effects post vaccine?

A 
redness at site
discomfort at site
milk fever
minor aches
minor rash may appear with live vaccines
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26
Q

where are almost all vaccines given?

A

IM

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27
Q

how to vaccines work?

A

a dead virus is injected into the body then the body builds up antigens for it

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28
Q

who can’t get vaccines

A

immunocompromised
allergies

HIV/AIDS
certain ages

29
Q

if fever is 101 or lower tx with

A

motrin

30
Q

how old do you have to be to get motrin?

A

6 months old

31
Q

if a parent states they don’t believe in vaccinating their child?

A

ask them if there is any info that you could give them to change their mind

32
Q

what do to if a child received a live virus like MMR

A

don’t let them around immunocompromised family members or friends

33
Q

avoid live viruses for pts who

A

have fever

autoimmune dx

or corticosteriods

34
Q

given to children at birth; at 1-4 months; and 6-18 months later

A

hepatitis B (recombivax HB, engerix-B)

35
Q

Hep B is contraindicated when?

A

hypersensitivity to yeast

36
Q

worst thing that can happen with a vaccine administration?

A

anaphylaxis

37
Q

passed from mother to baby from breast milk or placenta

immunoglobulin

A

passive immunity

38
Q

vaccines that make the body produce antibodies and memory cells

A

active immunity

39
Q

immune system stimulated to produce antibodies

exposure to antigens produce this

vaccines boost antibody production which produces this

A

active immunity

40
Q

performed antibodies transfer from one person to another

maternal antibodies cross the placenta/

immune globulin

A

passive immunity

41
Q

administered after exposure to a virulent pathogen and also to those who are immunosuppressed.

A

immune globulin

42
Q

need passive immune globulin therapy because active immunity will not work fast enough for them.

A

snake bites or pts who stepped on a nail

43
Q

how is measles spread

A

droplets! (cough and sneeze)

44
Q

biologic response modifiers

boost pts. immune system

used to treat certain viral infections, immunodeficiencies, and specific cancers

A

immunostimulants

45
Q

biologic response modifiers

A

interferons and interleukins

46
Q

interferons and interleukins are contraindicated in

A

renal dx

liver dx

PG

47
Q

what to do before admin of interferons and interleukins

A

get base line labs

48
Q

secreted by lymphocytes and macrophages that have been infected with a virus

slow spread of viral infections and enhance activity of leukocytes

A

interferons

49
Q

adverse effects of interferon

A 
fever 
flu like symptoms
chills
dizziness
fatigue
50
Q

what can’t you have with interferon

A

alcohol

51
Q

what to monitor for interferon

A

base line labs

52
Q

transplanted organs have ____ that trigger immune response

A

antigens

53
Q

immunosuppressants are toxic to ___ ____.

A

bone marrow

54
Q

this response is slower, about 2 weeks after surgery.

A

cell mediated

55
Q

____ ____ can occur months to years later

A

chronic rejection

56
Q

inhibit patient’s immune system

used to treat severe autoimmune disease

prevent tissue rejection following organ transplantation

A

immunosuppressants

57
Q

increase risk of infections and lymphoma

A

immunosuppressants

58
Q

most common inflammatory disorder that is the leading cause of disability in the US

A

arthritis

59
Q

most common prescription in the US

A

NSAIDS

60
Q

How can you die from NSAIDS use?

A

GI bleeding

61
Q

Acetominaphen is

A

hepatotoxic

62
Q

Ibuprofien (Advin) can cause ____ with chronic use.

A

renal impairment

63
Q

the most frequent infectious causes of death in the US are

A

influenza and pneumonia

64
Q

resistant to penicillin

A

S. aureus

65
Q

2 mechanisms used for eliminating the pathogen:

A

bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic

66
Q

kills the bacteria

A

bacteriocidal

67
Q

slows the growth of the bacteria

A

bacteriostatic

68
Q

how to prevent/reduce the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria

A

the patient MUST finish entire prescription dose

PHARM (11 decks)

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