pharm exam 4 Flashcards
Types of diabetes 1 & 2 – characteristics of each
Type 1: increased thirst, frequent urination, losing weight, frequent hunger
Type 2: increased thirst, increased hunger, slow healing cuts and wounds, blurred vision, linked with obesity
Signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia: dizziness, pale face, sweating, hunger, vision changes, shaking
Hyperglycemia: urinating large amounts, dry mouth, fatigue, blurred vision, headache
Hormones Associated with Endocrine System (Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid)
adrenal gland hormones: sugar (glucocorticoids) salt (mineralocorticoids), sex ( Androgens)
Thyroid hormone: TSH, T3, T4
Pancreas: glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin, Amylin
Negative Feedback Loop
a regulatory mechanism where a hormone’s level in the bloodstream is monitored, and if it becomes too high, the body signals the gland producing that hormone to decrease its production, effectively bringing the hormone level back to a normal range,
Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex
the command center in the brain that controls vital bodily functions
Cushing’s Disease and Syndrome
the body produces too much cortisol. causes weight gain in the upper body, weight gain to face “moon face”, fatty hump between shoulders
Addison’s disease, treated with Corticosteroids
a rare disorder occurs when the adrenal glands don’t produce enough cortisol and aldosterone hormones.
Hydrocortisone: Replaces cortisol, and is usually taken in tablet form
Fludrocortisone: Replaces aldosterone, and helps control sodium and fluid levels in the body
Differences between Hyperthyroid and Hypothyroid and lab tests used for
each
Hyperthyroidism: occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone TSH( low), T3(high), T4(high) lab tests, CBC and iodine
Hypothyroidism: when the thyroid doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone, TSH( high), T3 (low), T4(low)
osteoporosis
end of endo
a bone disease that causes the bone to become weak and break easily
Gastroesophageal Reflex Disease (GERD)
a digestive disorder that causes stomach contents to leak into the esophagus causing a burning sensation
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
a condition where the lining of the stomach or duodenum is damaged by stomach acid or digestive juices, resulting in an open sore
Constipation: Causes of constipation
a condition that occurs when you have infrequent or uncomfortable bowel movements. causes include diet, not enough activity, medications, not drinking enough fluids, psychological issues,
know Gi tract
mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
end of GI
condtion that causes recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation symptoms include: irregular bowle movements, abdominal pain, food triggers,
Differentiate between UTIs: Cystitis and Pyelonephritis
Cystitis is a bladder infection, while pyelonephritis is a kidney infection both have similar symptoms
