kinetics and dynamics Flashcards
what the drug does to the body
pharmacodynamics
what the body does to the drug
pharmacokinetics
what happens to the drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues
absorption
the way the drug moves through the bloodstream to its target organs
distribution
breakdown of drugs
metabolism
kidneys remove drug byproducts from the body
elimination
the time it takes for half of medication to be eliminated in body
half-life
the activation of drugs in liver and intestines
first pass effect
mimic ligand-receptor activation response
agonist
block the receptors activation response
antagonist
how a medication functions within the body
mechanism of action
cheaper, no capital letter, same chemical ingredient (may have different talc/ flavoring)
generic name
name given, time-limited patent, capital letter
brand name
time it takes when it firsts starts working
onset
highest level effect
peak
how long it works
duration
how can grapefruit interact with medications
certain foods interact with drugs, many have warnings, grapefruit juice can increase dose
lowest level of the drug in the patients body
trough
what is the pharmacokinetic processes (ADME)
absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
what are some routes for absorption
oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, ng tube, inhalers
types of parenteral injections
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous
protein binding is
tightly bound drugs are released slowly and have longer duration, loosely bound drugs act faster and are excreted quicker
blood-brain barrier
protects brain and keeps harmful substances away from brain including many drugs (highly lipid-soluble more likely to pass than non lipid-soluble)
what is the most important site for metabolism
liver
removal of drugs from the body (can include sweat, saliva, bile, breast milk, and feces)
excretion
areas on cell membrane that react to certain drugs to cause an effect within the cell
receptor sites
list some factors that can influence drugs and effectiveness
weight, age, gender, physiological, pathological, genetics, immunological, psychological, environmental, tolerance, accumulation, interactions
drug-drug interaction
occur any time two or more drugs are taken together
amount of drug required to produce therapeutic response leading to potentcy
dose-response relationship
therapeutic response
intended response
side effects or adverse effects
anticipated effects other than intended
serious adverse effects
unintended effect that causes harm, often requires discontinuation of drug
