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BRS YEAR 2 > Pharm - Epilepsy > Flashcards

Pharm - Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main drugs we can give for epilepsy

A

Lamotrigine
Sodium valproate
Levetiracetam
Diazepam

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2
Q

What is the drug target of lamotrigine

A

Voltage gated sodium channels

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3
Q

What the primary action of lamotrigine

A

Blocks VGCS to prevent the depolarisation of glutaminergic neurones and reduce glutamate excitotoxicity

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4
Q

What are the common side effects for lamotrigine?

A

Rash

Drowsiness

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5
Q

What are the less common side effects of lamotrigine

A

Steven Johnsons syndrome

Suicidal thoughts

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6
Q

What happens if we don’t introduce lamotrigine gradually

A

We have an increased risk and frequency of severe allergic skin reactions

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7
Q

What is the target for sodium valproate

A

GABA transaminase

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8
Q

What is the primary action of sodium valproate?

A

Inhibits GABA-transaminase

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9
Q

What are the common side effects for sodium valproate?

A 
Stomach pain 
Diarrhoea
Drowsiness
Weight gain
Hair loss
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10
Q

What are the serious side effects for sodium valproate?

A

Hepatotoxicity
Teratogenicity
Pancreatitis

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11
Q

What is the target of diazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine site on the GABA-A receptor

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12
Q

What is the primary action of diazepam?

A

Increases chloride influx in response to GABA binding therefore hyperpolarises excitable neurones

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13
Q

What are the common side effects of diazepam

A

Drowsiness

Respiratory depression if IV/high dose

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14
Q

What are the serious side effects of diazepam?

A

Haemolytic anaemia

Jaundice

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15
Q

Why is diazepam not used long term?

A

Long term use is associated with development of tolerance

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16
Q

What does a Schedule 4 controlled drug e.g. diazepam indicate

A

This means that addiction prone individuals are more likely to become dependent on diazepam

17
Q

What is the target of levetriacetam?

A

Synaptic vesicle protein SV2A

18
Q

What is the primary action of levetiracetam?

A

Inhibits SV2A therefore prevents exocytosis of glutamate

19
Q

What are the side effects of levetiracetam?

A

Dizziness
Somnolence
Fatigue
Headaches

20
Q

What anti-epileptic is best for avoiding drug-drug interaction?

A

Levetiracetam

21
Q

Why is levetiracetam good at avoiding drug-drug interaction?

A

Its metabolism has no effect on the cytochrome p450 enzyme system

22
Q

What are the 6 types of seizures?

A 
Absence
Focal 
Generalised tonic-clonic
Myoclonic
Tonic
Atonic
23
Q

What does tonic refer to

A

Stiffness and rigidity

24
Q

What does clonic refer to

A

Repetitive rhythmic jerking, usually preceded by the tonic phase

25
Q

What is IED from an EEG?

A

Interictal epileptiform discharge - indicates and increased chance of reoccurring seizures

26
Q

What is the first line treatment for most seizures (epilepsy)

A

Sodium valproate

27
Q

What is the first line treatment for focal seizures?

A

Carbamazepine or lamotrigine

BRS YEAR 2 (37 decks)

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