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BRS YEAR 2 > Pharm - asthma > Flashcards

Pharm - asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main drugs used for asthma

A

Salbutamol
FLuticasone
Mometasone
Budesonide
Montelukast

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2
Q

What is the drug target for salbutamol

A

Beta 2 (β2) adrenergic receptor

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3
Q

What is the drug target for fluticasone

A

Glucocorticoid receptor

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4
Q

What is the drug target for mometasone

A

Glucocorticoid receptor

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5
Q

What is the drug target for budesonide

A

Glucocorticoid receptor

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6
Q

What is the drug target for montelukast

A

CysLT1 leukotriene receptor

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7
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action for salbutamol

A

Agonist at the β2 receptor on airway smooth muscle cells. Activation reduces Ca2+ entry and this prevents smooth muscle contraction.

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8
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action for fluticasone

A

Very powerful drugs. Multiple actions on many different cell types. Fluticasone directly decreases inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, monocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It reduces the number of these cells and also the number of cytokines they produce.

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9
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action for mometasone

A

Very powerful drugs. Multiple actions on many different cell types. Mometasone directly decreases inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, monocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It reduces the number of these cells and also the number of cytokines they produce.

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10
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action for budesonide

A

Very powerful drugs. Multiple actions on many different cell types. Mometasone directly decreases inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, monocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It reduces the number of these cells and also the number of cytokines they produce.

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11
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action for montelukast

A

Antagonism of CysLT1 leukotriene receptor on eosinophils, mast cells and airway smooth muscle cells decreases eosinophil migration, broncho-constriction and inflammation induced oedema

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12
Q

What are the side effects of salbutamol

A

Palpitations/ agitation
Tachycardia/ Arrythmias
Hypokalaemia (at higher doses)


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13
Q

What are the side effects of fluticasone

A

Local side effects:
Sore throat, hoarse voice, opportunistic oral infections

Systemic side effects:
Growth retardation in children
Hyperglycaemia
Decreased bone mineral density
Immunosuppression
Effects on mood
(Many others)


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14
Q

What are the side effects of mometasone

A

Local side effects:
Sore throat, hoarse voice, opportunistic oral infections

Systemic side effects:
Growth retardation in children
Hyperglycaemia
Decreased bone mineral density
Immunosuppression
Effects on mood
(Many others)


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15
Q

What are the side effects of budesonide

A

Local side effects:
Sore throat, hoarse voice, opportunistic oral infections

Systemic side effects:
Growth retardation in children
Hyperglycaemia
Decreased bone mineral density
Immunosuppression
Effects on mood
(Many others)


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16
Q

What are the side effects of montelukast

A

Mild side effects:
Diarrhoea
Fever
Headaches
Nausea or vomiting

Serious side effects:
Mood changes
Anaphylaxis


17
Q

What is the half life of salbutamol

A

2.5-5hours.

18
Q

What else may be seen with salbutamol

A

Beta 2 selectivity is not absolute – as a result, cardiac (beta 1) effects can be seen.
Hypokalaemia can be caused via an effect on sodium/ potassium ATPase.

19
Q

What happens if we give corticosteroids with salbutamol

A

Hypokalaemia can be caused via an effect on sodium/ potassium ATPase. This effect can be exacerbated by coadministration with corticosteroids


20
Q

Extra information fluticasone

A

Greater affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor compared to cortisol.

Oral bioavailability <1%. Therefore, any systemic delivery via the inhaled route is predominantly through the pulmonary vasculature.

21
Q

Extra information mometasone

A

Greater affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor compared to cortisol.

Oral bioavailability <1%. Therefore, any systemic delivery via the inhaled route is predominantly through the pulmonary vasculature.

22
Q

Extra information budesonide

A

Oral bioavailability >10%. Therefore, inhaled budesonide will still result in some systemic absorption through the gastro-intestinal tract.

Less potent than fluticasone and mometasone

23
Q

Extra information montelukast

A

For prophylaxis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, montelukast should be administered at least 2 hours before initiating exercise.

24
Q

What is the reliever therapy for children under 5

A

SABA for symptom relief as well as maintenance therapy

25
Q

What is the mechanism for Montelukast - why might this be helfpul for NSAID-induced asthma

A

Montelukast is a leukotriene recpetor antagonist therefore in the lungs and smooth muslce we stop the cells from binding to leukotrienes which stop eosinophils depisiting their contents and causing inflammation

BRS YEAR 2 (37 decks)

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