Pharm- Aminoglycosides and Spectinomycin

Question 1

Are aminoglycosides good for treating gram negative or positive bacteria?

Answer 1

gram negative

Ami”n”oglycosides = gram “n”egative

Question 2

True or False: luckily aminoglycosides are available through all forms of administration.

Answer 2

False. They are not orally bioavailable. They must be parenterally administered.

Question 3

Where on the rRNA does aminoglycosides and spectinomycin bind?

Answer 3

Spectinomycin and aminoglycosides BOTH bind to the 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit, but they bind at different binding sites from each other.

Question 4

Why are beta-lactams and aminoglycosides considered synergists?

Answer 4

Beta-lactams inhibit cell wall synthesis and allow increased entry of aminoglycosides into the bateria.

Question 5

What is the most common side effect of aminoglycosides? WHAT? WHAAAT???

Answer 5

Ototoxicity

Question 6

What happens in the inner ear to damage hair cells in aminoglycoside use?

Answer 6

Aminoglycosides accumulate in the perilymph and endolymph

Question 7

How can you have acute renal failure with aminoglycoside use?

Answer 7

they accumulate in the proximal tubular cells and become nephrotoxic

Question 8

What is the most dangerous and lethal side effect of aminoglycoside use?

Answer 8

Respiratory paralysis from a neuromuscular blockade

Question 9

Aminoglycosides compete with what ion at presynaptic terminals to cause a neuromuscular blockade?

Answer 9

Ca++

Question 10

We said spectinomycin binds to the 16s rRNA of the 30s subunit, but what does it inhibit in the cellular mechanisms?

Answer 10

translocation

Question 11

Spectinomycin used to be able to treat what types of STD’s?

Answer 11

Gonorrhea