Biochem- Nutrition Flashcards
This is the daily intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement for half of hte individuals in a life-stage/gender group
EAR (estimated avg requirement)
This is when u take the EAR and add 2 standard deviations so u can meet 99% of the population
RDA (recommended daily allowance)
This is the recommended intake value of a nutrient when not enough data is available to establish and EAR
AI (adequate intake)
This is the highest level of daily nutrient intake consumed over time and is unlikely to cause side effects.
UL (tolerable upper intake level)
This is a unit of energy that is required to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree celcius
Calorie
How many calories are in carbs?
4 kcal/g
How many calories are in proteins?
4 kcal/g
How many calories are in alcohol?
7 kcal/g
How many calories are in fat?
9 kcal/g
What is the equation for Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE)?
DEE = BMR + physical activity + DIT
This is the amount of energy required for your body to function (hear pumping blood, lungs breathing, mainting conc gradients, etc)
BMR (basal metabolic rate)
What 4 intrinsic factors effect BMR?
Age
Weight
Height
Sex
Small and old people and women tend to have higher or lower BMR’s than their opposites?
Lower
Does a patient with hyperthyroidism cause an increase or decrease BMR?
Increased
What is the general equation for BMR?
BMR = 24kcal/day/kg*[body weight]
If you go to the gym every day, which factor will be higher?
A. BMR B. DEE C. RMR D. DDR E. CCR
B. DEE (daily energy expenditure)
not Dance Dance Revolution… or Creedence Clearwater Revival…
What is the TEF (thermic effect of food)?
It is the energy needed to digest, absorb, distribute and store nutrients from food. goes into the DEE.
These are the nturients needed in large quantities on a regular basis to supply energy for metabolism and substrates for which cellular proteins and components can be synthesized. Examples are carbs, fats and proteins.
Macronutrients
What are micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals. needed for maintenance of normal fxn but not to provide energy directly.
What is the daily protein requirements?
0.8 g/kg/day
What are the 3 fates of proteins when it’s degraded in the body?
- make proteins
- precursor to nitrogen-containing compound (DNA/RNA)
- burned as energy and then N is lost as urea
What is a negative N balance?
when you eat too little essential protein, so u cannot make new proteins, so there is impaired body fxning
What is the goal of the protein digestability-corrected amino acid score?
it attempts to determine how specific protein compares to an ideal reference protein in providing essential amino acids.
Case: you’re on a medical mission trip in Kenya and find several children with ascites due to improper nutrition and a negative N balance. Muscle is only slightly atrophied. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Kwashiorkor
