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Gastrointestinal > Biochem- Nutrition > Flashcards

Biochem- Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

This is the daily intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement for half of hte individuals in a life-stage/gender group

A

EAR (estimated avg requirement)

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2
Q

This is when u take the EAR and add 2 standard deviations so u can meet 99% of the population

A

RDA (recommended daily allowance)

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3
Q

This is the recommended intake value of a nutrient when not enough data is available to establish and EAR

A

AI (adequate intake)

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4
Q

This is the highest level of daily nutrient intake consumed over time and is unlikely to cause side effects.

A

UL (tolerable upper intake level)

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5
Q

This is a unit of energy that is required to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree celcius

A

Calorie

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6
Q

How many calories are in carbs?

A

4 kcal/g

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7
Q

How many calories are in proteins?

A

4 kcal/g

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8
Q

How many calories are in alcohol?

A

7 kcal/g

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9
Q

How many calories are in fat?

A

9 kcal/g

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10
Q

What is the equation for Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE)?

A

DEE = BMR + physical activity + DIT

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11
Q

This is the amount of energy required for your body to function (hear pumping blood, lungs breathing, mainting conc gradients, etc)

A

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

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12
Q

What 4 intrinsic factors effect BMR?

A

Age
Weight
Height
Sex

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13
Q

Small and old people and women tend to have higher or lower BMR’s than their opposites?

A

Lower

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14
Q

Does a patient with hyperthyroidism cause an increase or decrease BMR?

A

Increased

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15
Q

What is the general equation for BMR?

A

BMR = 24kcal/day/kg*[body weight]

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16
Q

If you go to the gym every day, which factor will be higher?

A. BMR
B. DEE
C. RMR 
D. DDR
E. CCR
A

B. DEE (daily energy expenditure)

not Dance Dance Revolution… or Creedence Clearwater Revival…

17
Q

What is the TEF (thermic effect of food)?

A

It is the energy needed to digest, absorb, distribute and store nutrients from food. goes into the DEE.

18
Q

These are the nturients needed in large quantities on a regular basis to supply energy for metabolism and substrates for which cellular proteins and components can be synthesized. Examples are carbs, fats and proteins.

A

Macronutrients

19
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Vitamins and minerals. needed for maintenance of normal fxn but not to provide energy directly.

20
Q

What is the daily protein requirements?

A

0.8 g/kg/day

21
Q

What are the 3 fates of proteins when it’s degraded in the body?

A
  1. make proteins
  2. precursor to nitrogen-containing compound (DNA/RNA)
  3. burned as energy and then N is lost as urea
22
Q

What is a negative N balance?

A

when you eat too little essential protein, so u cannot make new proteins, so there is impaired body fxning

23
Q

What is the goal of the protein digestability-corrected amino acid score?

A

it attempts to determine how specific protein compares to an ideal reference protein in providing essential amino acids.

24
Q

Case: you’re on a medical mission trip in Kenya and find several children with ascites due to improper nutrition and a negative N balance. Muscle is only slightly atrophied. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Kwashiorkor

25
Q

What causes ascites in Kwashiorkor?

A

no protein in diet –> you cant make proteins –> can’t make albumin –> blood is hypotonic relative to interstital space –> water flows into interstitum –> edema

26
Q

Case: on the same medical mission you find a child weighing severely underweight. There is no ascites present and all musculature has atrophied. Patient appears to be “skin and bones.” What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Marasmus

27
Q

What causes marasmus?

A

Not enough calories. muscle is atrophied because body has used the proteins to survive.

28
Q

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?

A

AEDK

Gastrointestinal (14 decks)

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