PHAK 8: Flight Instruments, Airspeeds Flashcards
What is VA?
Design Maneuvering Speed
* This is the maximum speed at which the limit load can be imposed (either by gusts or full deflection of the control surfaces) without causing structural damage.
* Does not provide structural protection against multiple full control inputs in one axis or full control inputs in more than one axis at the same time.
What is VLO?
Landing Gear Operating Speed
* The maximum speed for extending or retracting retractable landing gear.
* This is a problem involving the air loads imposed on the operating mechanism during extension or retraction of the gear.
What is VLE?
Landing Gear Extended Speed
* The maximum speed for safely flying with landing gear extended.
* This is a problem involving stability and controllability.
What is VX?
Best Angle-of-Climb (AOC) Speed
* The airspeed providing the greatest altitude gain in the shortest distance
* Used for clearing obstacles on short-field takeoffs.
* The best AOC speed normally increases slightly with altitude.
What is VY?
Best Rate-of-Climb (ROC) Speed
* The airspeed providing the most altitude gain in the shortest time.
* The best ROC speed normally decreases slightly with altitude.
What is VYSE?
Single-Engine Best Rate-of-Climb Speed
The best climb rate or minimum sink rate in a twin-engine aircraft with one engine inoperative—marked as the “Blue Line” on the ASI.
What is VMC?
Minimum Control Speed
The minimum speed at which a twin-engine aircraft can be controlled with one engine inoperative at takeoff power.
What is VNE?
The never-exceed speed.
* Operating above this speed is prohibited since it may result in damage or structural failure.
* The red line on the airspeed indicator.
What is VS1?
The stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed
obtained in a specified configuration.
* For most airplanes, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum takeoff weight in the clean configuration (gear up, if retractable, and flaps up).
* The lower limit of the green arc.
What is VN0?
The maximum structural cruising speed.
* Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air.
* This is the speed at which exceeding the limit load factor may cause permanent deformation of the aircraft structure.
* The upper limit of the green arc.
What is VS0?
The stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed
in the landing configuration.
* In small airplanes, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum landing weight in the landing configuration (gear and flaps down).
* The lower limit of the white arc.
What is VFE?
The maximum speed with the flaps extended.
* This is because of the air loads imposed on the structure of the flaps.
* The upper limit of the white arc.
What is EAS?
Equivalent airspeed
* The ASI reading corrected for position (or installation), for instrument error, and for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude.
* (EAS is equal to CAS at sea level in standard atmosphere.)
What is CAS?
Calibrated airspeed
* The ASI reading corrected for position (or installation) and instrument errors.
* (CAS is equal to TAS at sea level in standard atmosphere.)
* The color coding for various design speeds marked on ASIs may be IAS or CAS.
What is TAS?
True airspeed
* The speed of the aircraft in relation to the air mass in which it is flying.
