PHAK 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making Flashcards
What does ADM stand for?
Aeronautical Decision Making
What is ADM?
A systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.
What does CRM stand for?
Crew Resource Management
What is CRM?
The application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment.
What are the six steps for good decision making?
- Identifying personal attitudes hazardous to safe flight
- Learning behavior modification techniques
- Learning how to recognize and cope with stress
- Developing risk assessment skills
- Using all resources
- Evaluating the effectiveness of one’s ADM skills
The four fundamental principles of risk management.
- Accept no unnecessary risk.
- Make risk decisions at the appropriate level.
- Accept risk when benefits outweigh dangers (costs).
- Integrate risk management into planning at all levels.
Describe the first fundamental principle of risk management.
Accept no unnecessary risk. Flying is not possible without risk, but unnecessary risk comes without a corresponding return. If you are flying a new airplane for the first time, you might determine that the risk of making that flight in low visibility conditions is unnecessary.
Describe the second fundamental principle of risk management.
Make risk decisions at the appropriate level. Risk decisions should be made by the person who can develop and implement risk controls. Remember that you are pilot-in-command, so never let anyone else—not ATC and not your passengers—make risk decisions for you.
Describe the third fundamental principle of risk management.
Accept risk when benefits outweigh dangers (costs). In any flying activity, it is necessary to accept some degree of risk. A day with good weather, for example, is a much better time to fly an unfamiliar airplane for the first time than a day with low IFR conditions.
Describe the fourth fundamental principle of risk management.
Integrate risk management into planning at all levels. Because risk is an unavoidable part of every flight, safety requires the use of appropriate and effective risk management not just in the preflight planning stage, but in all stages of the flight.
What does SRM stand for?
Single-pilot Resource Management
What is SRM
The ability for a pilot to manage all resources effectively to ensure the outcome of the flight is successful.
SRM includes the concepts of…
- ADM
- Risk management (RM)
- Task management (TM)
- Automation management (AM)
- Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) awareness
- Situational awareness (SA).
What are two defining elements of ADM?
- Hazard
- Risk
What is a hazard?
A real or perceived condition, event, or circumstance that a pilot encounters.
What is risk?
An assessment of the single or cumulative hazard facing a pilot; however, different pilots see hazards differently.
What does the risk matrix do?
It assesses two items: the likelihood of an event occurring and the consequence of that event.
Risk Assessment Matrix
Likelihood of an Event: Probable
an event will occur several times
Risk Assessment Matrix
Likelihood of an Event: Occasional
an event will probably occur sometime
Risk Assessment Matrix
Likelihood of an Event: Remote
an event is unlikely to occur, but is possible
Risk Assessment Matrix
Likelihood of an Event: Improbable
an event is highly unlikely to occur
Risk Assessment Matrix
Severity of an Event: Catastrophic
results in fatalities, total loss
Risk Assessment Matrix
Severity of an Event: Critical
severe injury, major damage
Risk Assessment Matrix
Severity of an Event: Marginal
minor injury, minor damage