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ENI 2 > phaeochromocytoma SDL > Flashcards

phaeochromocytoma SDL Flashcards

1
Q

identify regions A and B in the histological section of the adrenal gland

A

A = cortex
B = medulla

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2
Q

what is the embyrological origin of the adrenal gland

A

medulla: neuroectoderm
cortex: mesoderm

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3
Q

identify hormones produced by regions A-D

A

A = z. glomerulosa – mineralocorticoids
B = z. fasiculata – glucocorticoids (androgens)
C = z reticularis – androgens (glucocorticoids)
D = Medulla - catecholamines

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4
Q

what is meant by the term “functional tumour”

A

the tumour produces hormones

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5
Q

label structures A-f

A

A = Stomach
B = Spleen
C = L Kidney
D = Liver
E = Spleen
F = Desc Colon

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6
Q

which of the numbered spots represents the position of the adrenal glands

A

3 + 4

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7
Q

which anatomical structures might be invaded by an adrenal tumour

A
  • Vena Cava
  • Aorta
  • Kidney
  • Renal vessels
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8
Q

which type of receptor is found in the eye and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

A1
contract and pupil dialtion

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9
Q

which type of receptor is found in the SA node of the heart and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

B1
increase HR

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10
Q

which type of receptor is found in the conduction system of the heart and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

B1
increase conduction rate

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11
Q

which type of receptor is found in the monocytes of the heart and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

B1
increase force of contraction

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12
Q

which type of receptor is found in the blood vessels and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

A1, A2 and B2
alpha receptors respond to constriction (intestinal BV)
Beta receptors respond to dilation in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles

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13
Q

which type of receptor is found in the neurons and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

A2
inhibit transmitter release

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14
Q

which type of receptor is found in the bronchi of the lungs and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

B2
relaxation/dilation

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15
Q

which type of receptor is found in the GI tract sphincters and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

A1
contract

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16
Q

which type of receptor is found in the GI tract smooth muscles and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

relaxation

17
Q

which type of receptor is found in the pancreas and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

A2 and B2
inhibit insulin release and increase glucagon

18
Q

which type of receptor is found in the detrusor of the bladder and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

B2
dilation

19
Q

which type of receptor is found in the sphincter of the urinary bladder and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

contraction

20
Q

which type of receptor is found in the skeletal muscles and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

B2
anabolism

21
Q

which type of receptor is found in the hepatocytes and what is the typical response to adrenergic stimulation?

A

B2
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

22
Q

All adrenoceptors are G-protein-couple receptors. Binding of an agonist to different types of adrenoceptor involves different second messengers. Which of the following represents the effect of agonist binding to alpha-1 (B) and which to beta receptors (A)

A
  • α1 receptors activatephospholipaseC (via Gq), increasing the activity ofprotein kinase C(PKC)
  • α2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase (via Gi), decreasing the activity ofprotein kinase A(PKA)
  • β receptors activate adenylate cyclase (via Gs), increasing the activity of protein kinase A(PKA)
23
Q

what happens at alpha 2 receptors

A

inhibition of catecholamine release (inhibition of adenylyl cyclase

24
Q

what effect does catecholamine have on energy substrates

A

mobilise substrates of remediate energy, glycogenolysis gluconeogenesis and lipolysis

25
Q

which arm of the autonomic nervous system is the adrenal gland associated

A

sympathetic

26
Q

Which of these clinical signs would you expect to see in a patient with phaeochromocytoma?

A

ENI 2 (81 decks)

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