PH1123 - Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

lipid structural function? (2)

A
  • plasma membrane (phospholipids)

- intracellular organelles

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2
Q

lipid energy function? (2)

A
  • energy stores

- insulation (white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (thermogenesis))

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3
Q

lipid carrier function?

A
  • absorption and transport of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
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4
Q

lipid messenger function?

A
  • cell signalling
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5
Q

examples of simple lipids? (2)

A
  • fats; esters of fatty acids with glycerol (oils are fats in the liquid state
  • waxes; esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight than monohydric alcohols
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6
Q

examples of complex lipids? (2)

A
  • phosphoipids

- glycolipids

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7
Q

examples of precursor and derived lipids? (3)

A
  • fatty acids
  • glycerol
  • steroids
  • hormones
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8
Q

what are triglycerides and their main function?

A
  • they are esters of glycerol and fatty acids

- main storage forms of fatty acids

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9
Q

what are the differences between fats and oils? (2)

A
  • fats have all available bonding sites taken up by H (saturated)
  • oils have fewer Hs on account of double bonds (unsaturated)
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10
Q

what are the two molecules which the backbone of phospholipids are built? (2)

A
  • (phospho)glycerides

- sphingosine

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11
Q

what is the structure of a phospholipid? (4)

A
  • one unit of glycerol
  • two units of fatty acids
  • phosphate group
  • N2 containing group
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12
Q

what is the polarity of a phospholipid like? (2)

A
  • N2 end tends to attract a H+ and becomes positively charges; polar and water soluble
  • fatty acid tails are non-polar and insoluble
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13
Q

what is the structure of sphingolipids?

A
  • backbone is sphingosine not glycerol
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14
Q

where are sphingolipids mainly found?

A
  • prominent on plasma membrane of cells
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15
Q

what are phophatidylinositols? (2)

A
  • precursor molecule for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)
  • cleaved to form DAG and IP3
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16
Q

what does DAG stand for?

A
  • diacylglycerol
17
Q

what does IP3 stand for?

A
  • inositol triphosphate
18
Q

what are DAG and IP3 examples of?

A

important secondary messengers

19
Q

why are steroids classified as lipids?

A
  • due to their solubility (they are hydrophobic)
20
Q

what is the structure of steroids?

A
  • four interlocking rings of C atoms with side groups attached to rings
21
Q

what is cholesterol a precursor molecule for? (4)

A
  • bile acids
  • sex hormones
  • adrenocortical hormones
  • vitamin D
22
Q

what is the structure of glycolipids?

A
  • sugar attached to fatty acids
23
Q

what are eicosanoids derived from?

A

derived from eicosa (-C20) polyenoic fatty acids

24
Q

example of eicosanoids and function? (2)

A
  • prostaglandins

- they act as local hormones and cause muscle contraction and inflammation