Personality Theories

Question 1

List the 5 personality theories

Answer 1

1. Social Learning Theory
2. Humanistic Theory
3. Interactionist approach
4. Trait Theory
5. Psychodynamic Theories

Question 2

What are the key components of Psychodynamic Theory?

Answer 2

According to Freud, individuals unconscious sexual and aggressive instincts are major determinants of behaviour
Emphasis on unconscious motives
• Personality explained through 3 components:
o Id: instinctual core – pleasure seeking
o Ego: conscious, logical, reality-oriented aspect
o Superego: conscience – internalised moral standards
o Ego aids in the resolution of conflicts between the Id and Superego

Question 3

What are the key components of Social Learning Theory?

Answer 3

• We behave as we have learned how to behave (experience/environement)

Through two ways:
1. Modelling: learning through observation
2. Social Reinforcement: rewarded behaviours are likely to be repeated

Question 4

What are the key components of Humanistic Theory?

Answer 4

Maslows Hierarchy of needs
• Human nature is inherently healthy and constructive
• Self-actualisation – an innate drive to enhance oneself

Question 5

What are the key components of Trait Theory?

Answer 5

• Says Personality Traits dictate behaviour
  1. 2 dimension theory: neurotic to stable and Extrovert to introvert
  2. Big 5 personality traits
• Trait theories widely researched, but generally criticized
  o Does not consider whole person or environment (e.g. traits needed for success)

Question 6

What are the key components of Interactionist Theory?

Answer 6

Interaction between the environment and personality factors result in behaviour

Question 7

What are “The big 5” personality dimensions?

Answer 7

1)Neuroticism
2)Extraversion
3)Openness
4)Agreeableness
5)Conscientiousness