Drugs and Alcohol in Sport Flashcards
Describe The Relationship Between Sport & Alcohol
- Well established relationship
- Drinking is a good way to relax after training or match
- Important part of camaraderie
- Social hub, especially in regional areas
- Many sporting clubs are sponsored by alcohol companies
- Large association between elite level sport and sporting events (e.g., Melbourne Cup & Western Derby)
- Post sport celebration/socialisation
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Key Issues with Alcohol and sport
- Sponsorship influences consumption
- Alcohol related violence
- Drinking and driving
- Strong culture of using as destressor and celebration/socilasation
- Advertising and culture influence on youth binge drinking
List the 7 categories of performance enhancing drugs (labelled by what they do)
- CNS Stimulants
- Build muscle/bone
- Relaxants
- mask drug use
- Diuretic = Weight loss
- Increase O2 delivery
- Mask pain
Give examples of CNS Stimulants, Uses and side effects
- Caffeine
- amphetamines
- cocaine
Uses:
* Shortened reaction time, improved concentration, diuresis
* Glycogen sparing leading to delayed fatigue
Side effect:
* Dyspepsia, cardiac damage, combination with other stimulants (e.g. ephedrine) may be fatal
Give reasons for Diuretic use and side effects
Uses:
* Rapid weight loss - Boxing, wrestling, judo
* Excretion or dilution of illegal substances
Side Effect:
* Dehydration
* Hypotension
* Muscle cramps
* Electrolyte imbalance
Give reasons for Beta-blocker use and side effects
Use:
* Relaxant
* Anti-tremor, anxiolytic effect -Shooters, ski jumpers, archery
Side effect:
* Negative effect on endurance
* Depression
* fatigue
Give reasons for Anabolic androgenic steroids use and side effects
Use:
* Muscle growth - Sprinting, weightlifting, body building
Side effect:
* Acne
* abnormal Liver Function Tests,
* feminisation
* virilisation = female develops characteristics associated with male hormones
* premature closure of the epiphysial plates
* behavioral changes “roid rage”,
* Stroke
Give examples drugs to increase O2 delivery and side effects
Both Increase oxygen carrying capacity
Erythropoietin (EPO)
* Stimulates red blood cell production
* Side effect = CVAs (Stroke)
Blood doping
* RBC transfusion, artificial oxygen carriers
* Side effect = Allergic reactions, sludging of blood
What are the for and against arguments for drug testing?
For:
1. To be meaningful, sport performances must involve natural abilities
2. Drug use destroys the basis for competition by subverting fairness
3. Drug use threatens the health and wellbeing of athletes
4. Drug use is immoral and must be stopped
Against:
1. never be able to identify all substances athletes use to enhance performance
2. expensive and drain resources that could be used to fund education programs for athletes
3. Athletes and substance manufacturers can stay one step ahead of the testers
4. Mandatory testing, testing without cause, and using blood and tissue violates ideas about rights to privacy in many cultures
How do the interests of the IOC, and big business (commercialism) impact drug use and drug testing?
- People associated with these sports like the benefit of performance-enhancing drugs
- Television, media and commercial endorsements shape sports in dramatic ways
- May not cause the taking of drugs BUT they do impact the enticement of using drugs and the enforcement of drug policies
What can be done to control substance use?
- Establish rules indicating that risks to health are undesirable and unnecessary in sports
- Establish rules stating that injured athletes must be independently certified as “well” before they may play
- Educate young athletes to define courage and discipline in ways that promote health
- Establish a code of ethics for sport scientists
- Make drug education part of deviance and health education
* Create norms regulating use of technology
* Redefine meaning of achievement
