Personality Disorders COPY Flashcards
What are the prominent problems in cluster A personality disorders?
The perceived safety of interpersonal relationships
Examples of cluster A personality disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypical personality disorder
Definition of paranoid personality disorder
A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such as their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood
Symptoms of paranoid personality disorder
Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harmful or deceiving to them
Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or untrustworthiness of friends or associates
Is reluctant to confide in others because of an unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them
Reads hidden demeaning or threatning means into benign remarks or events
Peristently bears grudges
Percieves attacks on their character or reputation that are not apparent to others
quick to react angrily or to counterattack
has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of a spouse or sexual partner
Presentation of schizoid personality disorder
neither desires or enjoys close relationships (inc family)
almost always choses solitary activites
has little, if any interest in having sexual activites with another person
takes pleasure in few, if any, activites
lacks close friendships or confidants other than first degree relatives
appears indifferent to the praise or critiscm of others
shows emotional coldness, detatchment or flattened affectivity
Definition of schizoid personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of detatchment from social relationships and a restricted expression of emotions in interpersonal setting, beginning in early adulthood
Definition of schizotypical personality disorder
Pervasive patterns of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as cognitive or perceptual distortion and eccentricities of behaviour, beginning by early adulthood
Presentation of schizotypical personality disorder
Ideas of reference
Odd beleifs and magical thinking that influences behaviour
odd thinking and speech
Suspiciousness and paranoid ideation
innapropriate or constricted affect
odd, eccentric or peculiar appearance or behaviour
lack of close friends or confidants other than 1st degree relatives
excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears
Summary and differences of cluster A PDs
Paranoid PD = persuasive distrust and suspiciousness of others
Schizoid PD = detatchments of social relationships and restricted emotions in IP settings
Schizotypical PD = Pervasive social and IP deficits, marked and acute discomfort at close relationships as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behaviour
What is the most prominent problem with Cluster B PDs?
Keeping feels tolerable without acting
Examples of cluster B personality disorders
Antisocial PD
Narcissistic PD
Borderline PD
Histrionic PD
Definition of antisocial PD
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since the age of 15 years
Symptoms of Antisocial PD
Failure to conform to social norms with respect to the law, repeatedly performing acts that are ground for arrest
Decitefullness, lying repeatedly, use of liases, or conning others for personal profit/pleasure
impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
irritability and aggressivefullness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults
reckless disregard for the safety of others
consistent irresponsibility, with repeated failure to sustain consistent work behaviour or to honour financial obligations
lack of remorse showing by being indifferent or rationalising having hurt, mistreated or stolen from another
What is a severe form of APD called?
Psychopathy
Definition of borderline PD
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, and affects, with marked impulsivity, beginning in early adulthood
Symptoms of borderline PD
Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterised by altering extremes off devaluation and ideation
Identity disturbance
Persistently unstable self image or sense of self
Impulsivity in at least 2 of spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating
Recurrent suicidal ideation or behaviour or self mutilating behaviour
affective instability due to marked reactivity of mood
chronic feelings of emptiness
innapropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling it
transient stress related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
Definition of narcissistic personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behaviour), need for admiration and lack of empathy, beginning in early adulthood
Presentation of narcissistic personality disorder
Grandiose of self importance Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty and ideal love Believes they are special and unique has a sense of entitlement requires excessive admiration interpersonally exploitive lacks empathy often envious of others/believes others are envious of them
Definition of Histrionic personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning in early adulthood
Symptoms of histrionic PD
Uncomfortable in situations when they are not the centre of attention
Interaction with others is often characterised by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviour
Rapid shifting and shallow expressions of emotions
consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
speech is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
shows self dramatization, theatricality and exaggerated expression of emotion
is suggestive (easily influence by others)
Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
What are the prominent problems with cluster C Personality disorders?
Anxiety and how it is managed
What PDs are cluster C?
Obsessive compulsive (anankastic) PD Avoidant PD Dependent PD
Definition of Obsessive compulsive PD
A pervasive pattern of pre occupation of orderliness, perfectionism and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency, beginning in early childhood `
Presentation of obsessive compulsive PD
Preoccupied pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, mental or interpersonal control
Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, organisation to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost
Perfectionism that interferes with task completion
Excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships
Overconscious, scrupulous and inflexible about matters or mortality, ethics or values
Unable to discard worthless or worn out objects even when no sentimental value
reluctant to delegate tasks unless they do it exactly how the person wants
miserly spending style
rigidity and stubbornness
Definition of Avoidant PD
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning in early adulthood
Symptoms of avoidant PD
Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of disapproval, criticiscm and rejection
Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
Restraint in intimate relationships because of fear of being shamed or ridiculed
Inhibited new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy
preoccupied with being criticsed or rejected in social situations
views self as socially inept, personally unappealing or inferior to others
Reluctant to take personal risks or do any new activities as they may prove embaressing
Definition of dependent PD
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation, starting in early adulthood
Symptoms of dependent PD
has difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive amounts of advice and reassurance from others
needs others to assume responsibility for major parts in their life
doesn’t disagree with others because of fear of loss of support or approval
cant initiate projects or do things on their own
goes to excessive lengths to obtain nuturence and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant
feels uncomfortable/helpless when alone
urgently seeks another relationship when a close one ends
Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of themselves
What directly influences PDs?
Pharmacotherapy
When giving pharmacotherapy for a PD, what are you often treating?
A co morbid mental disorder
Pharmacotherapy used in PDs
Dialetic behavioural therapy
Mentalisation based treatment
Symptomatic prescribing
Co-occurring mental illness
What is an effective treatment for borderline PD?
Dialectal behavioural therapy
What is dialectal behavioural therapy?
Targeted therapy which is CBT based, but has been adapted to help people who experience emotions very intensely
