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Psychiatry > Clinical medicine > Flashcards

Clinical medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is mood?

A

The patient tells the doctor about their mood

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2
Q

What is affect?

A

The doctor observes the patient’s emotions

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3
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Loss of positive pleasure

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4
Q

Does a diurinal depression or reactive mood suggest depression is more severe?

A

Diurinal depression

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5
Q

What is blunting?

A

Total absence of emtion, seen most commonly in chronic schizophrenia

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6
Q

What is incongrous mood?

A

Where emotion fails to match thoughts and actions

For example- Patient laughing when describing the death of a close relaive

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7
Q

What is presure of speech and when does it mainly occur?

A

Mainluy occurs in mania and can be recognised by loudness, rapidability and difficult to interrupt

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8
Q

What is poverty of speech?

A

Appears to be an absence of any thoughts and patients report their minds to be empty
Occurs in depressive illness

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9
Q

What is Thought block?

A

Occurs in schizophrenia

Abrupt and complete interruption of the stream of thought. Mind goes blank

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10
Q

What us flight of ideas?

A

Patient’s thoughts rapidly jump from one topic to another.

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11
Q

What is perseveration?

A

Persistent and inappropriate repetition of the same thoughts and ideas

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12
Q

What is thought broadcast?

A

When the patient experiences their thoughts as being understood by others without talking, as though their thoughts are being broadcasted to others

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13
Q

What is thoguht insertion?

A

Occurs when a patient’s thought is percieved as being planted in their mind by someone else

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14
Q

What is thought withdrawl?

A

When a patient experiences their thoughts being taken away without their control

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15
Q

What is an obsession rumination?

A

Recurrent, persisten thought, impulse or image or musical theme that occurs despite the patient’s efforts to resist
Recognises the obsessional thoughts is their own, but it os usually unpleasant and often out of character

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16
Q

What is a compulsion?

A

Repetitive and seemingly purposeful action performed in a steyotypical way
Accompanied in a subjective sense that they must be carried out by an urge to resist

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17
Q

What is insight?

A

The degree to which a person recognises that they are unwell

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18
Q

What is illness beliefs?

A

Patient’s own exxplanation of their ill health

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19
Q

What are primary delusion?

A

Rare and appear suddenly and with full conviction but without any preceding events

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20
Q

What are secndary delusion?

A

Derived from a preceding morbid experience, such as auditory hallucinations

21
Q

What are overvalued ideas?

A

Deeply held personaly convictions that are understandable when the individuals background is known

22
Q

What are ideas of self reference?

A

Fall short of delusions
Held by people who are particularly self conscious
Cannot help feeling that people take notice of them in public places

23
Q

What are illusions?

A

Misperceptions of external stimuli and are most likely to occur when the general level of sensory stimulation is reduced

24
Q

What are hallucinaions?

A

Hallucinations may affect any of the following perceptions- auditory, visual, tactice, gustatory, olfactory or deep sensation

25
Q

What are pseudohallucinations?

A

Usually auditory
True externally sited hallucinations
Insight into their imaginary nature or are sited within internal spaces

26
Q

What are depersonalisation?

A

Change in self awareness such that the person feels unreal or detached from their bod

27
Q

What is derealisation?

A

Unpleasant feeling
The external environment has become unreal and/or remote.
Dream like state

28
Q

What are exampples of increased sensitivity of perceptions? What do these occur in?

A

Photosensitivity and phonosensitivty

Occurs in anxiety disorders as well as migrane

29
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Unconcious diversion of unaccepatble bejaviours into acceptable ones

30
Q

What is neuroses?

A

Illnesses in which symptoms vary only in severity from normal experiences such as depressive illness

31
Q

What is psychoses?

A

Illnes in which symptomas are quantitively different from normal experiences

32
Q

What are predisposing factors?

A

Stem from early life
Genetic
Pregnanyc and delivery
Personallity factors

33
Q

What are precipitating factors?

A

Physical, psychological or social in nature

34
Q

What are perpetutating factors?

A

Prolong the course of a disorder after it has occured

35
Q

What are mood disorders divided into?

A

Bipolar and unipolar

36
Q

What is bipolar I

A

Depressoon alterniating with mania

37
Q

What is bipolar II

A

Depression alternating with hypomania

38
Q

How are depressive disorders classified?

A

ICD-10

39
Q

What is dysthymia

A

Mild to moderate depressive illness that lasts intermittently for 2 years or more and is characterised by tiredness and low mood, lack of pleasure, loss self esteem and feeling of discourage,emt

40
Q

What is postpartum psychosis?

A

Occurs in every 500-1000 births
Classical features of affective psychosis, disorientation and confusion are also there
Response to treatment is good

41
Q

What are some possible aetiology of unipolar depressive disorders

A 
Genetic
Biochemical
Hormonal
Neural changes
Sleep 
Child trauma
Social
42
Q

What is involved in the treatment of depressive illnesses?

A

Exercise
Drugs- SSRIs, TCA, SNRIs, MAOIs and RIMAs
Electroconvulsive therapy
Psychologicla treatments- CBT, interpersonal therapy, other therpies

43
Q

What should the doses of antidepresseants be in elderly people?

A

Halfed.Same in renal and hepatic failure

44
Q

What is CBT?

A

Helps reverse the negative cognitive triad in which patients regarded themselves
ID of the negative automatic thoughts that maintain the negative perceptions that feed depression

45
Q

What is interpersonal therapy?

A

Therapist focuses on a patient’s interpersonal relationships involved in or affected by their illness using problem solving techniques to help patients to find solutions

46
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

Personality treait with spontaneous swings in mood not sufficiently severe or persistent to warrant another diagnosis

47
Q

What is the epidimologyh of bipolar?

A

1% lifetime prevalance
Equal among men and women
Mean age of osnet is 21

48
Q

What is the biochemical link in bipolar?

A

Brain monoamines seem to be increased in mania

Psychiatry (63 decks)

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