Personality Disorders Flashcards
What are personality disorders?
Enduring patterns of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture
What disorders come under Cluster A?
- paranoid personality disorder
- schizoid personality disorder
- schizotypal personality disorder
What disorders come under Cluster B?
- antisocial personality disorder
- borderline
- histrionic
- narcissistic
What disorders come under Cluster C?
- avoidant
- dependent
- obsessive-compulsive
Describe Cluster A
Odd or eccentric: believed to reflect a dispositional vulnerability to schizophrenia and psychosis
Describe Cluster B
Dramatic, emotional or erratic: dispositional theme of problems with emotion regulation and deficits in empathy
Describe Cluster C
Anxious or fearful: dispositional vulnerability to anxiety disorders
What is negative affectivity in the dark side five factor model
High neuroticism
What is detachment in the dark side five factor model
Low extraversion
What is antagonism in the dark side five factor model
Low agreeableness
What is disinhibition in the dark side five factor model
Low conscientiousness
What is psychoticism in the dark side five factor model
Altered openness to experience, the reverse pole being labelled lucidity
What are the 4 levels of personality functioning?
- identity
- self direction
- empathy
- intimacy
Identity
Awareness of self and emotional regulation
Self-direction
Appropriate ambitions and standards of behaviour
Empathy
Understanding and appreciation of others
Intimacy
Satisfying, enduring, and caring personal reports
What labels are more likely to be given to male or stereotypically masculine clients?
Antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder
What are some typically feminine diagnoses
Borderline, histrionic
What are the main diagnostic points for Paranoid Personality Disorder?
- suspicion of others
- preoccupied with doubts of people’s loyalty
- reluctant to confide
- reads hidden meaning
- bears grudges
- perceives attacks to their character
- recurrent suspicions of fidelity in spouse
Ego dystonic
Not something we see as part of ourselves
What are the main diagnostic points for Schizoid Personality Disorder?
- doesn’t like close relationships
- likes solitude
- no desire for sex
- takes pleasure in few activities
- lacks close friends
- indifferent to praise or criticism
- emotional coldness, flattened affectivity
Which Cluster B disorder most clearly represents a dispositional vulnerability to schizophrenia?
Schizotypal personality disorder
List three biological concomitants of antisocial PD
Underarousal, fearlessness and disinbihition
Gender balance for Borderline?
Much more likely to be diagnosed in women
What events are Borderline PD associated with?
Childhood trauma or other events generating severe insecure attachment
Treatment for Borderline?
Dialectical behaviour therapy
What four areas can personality disorders manifest in?
- Cognition
- Affectivity
- Interpersonal functioning
- Impulse control
Concepts general to personality disorders
- inflexible
- pervasive
- stable
- long
- not attributable to substance
List some issues with personality disorders
- overlap in characteristics and diagnosis
- categorical vs. dimensional
- practical issues in applying diagnosis
- stigmatising labels
- lack of knowledge on cause
Criterion gender bias
When criteria for a disorder might be biased
Assessment gender bias
When the way that criteria are applied when assessing clients is biased
What diagnoses might be more likely to be given to a masculine male client
Antisocial personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder
What diagnoses might be more likely to be given to a feminine female client
Borderline personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder
Which cluster is the most rare
Cluster A
IOUOSIBLE
(List Schizotypal criteria)
CSNTLIE
(List schizoid criteria)
SPCHGAF
(List paranoid criteria)
FDIIRCL
(List antisocial criteria)
Briefly describe Paranoid personality disorder
A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent
Briefly describe Schizoid personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
Briefly describe Schizotypal personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships, and cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behaviour
Briefly describe Antisocial personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
Briefly describe Borderline personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, affects and control over impulses
Briefly describe Histrionic personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotion and attention seeking
Briefly describe Narcissistic personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy of behaviour), need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Briefly describe Avoidant personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Briefly describe Dependent personality disorder
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation
Briefly describe Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency
