Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychopathology/Models of Intervention > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major mood disorders?

A

Depression and bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List specifiers of a major depressive episode

A
  • psychotic features
  • melancholic
  • mixed features
  • anxious distress
  • catatonic features
  • atypical features
  • peripartum onset
  • seasonal pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dysthymia

A
  • depressive symptoms present for more than a two year period (one year for kids and adolescents)
  • symptoms can be subsyndromal or meet major depressive episode criteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List four theories of mood disorders

A
  • Genes and heredity
  • Physiological explanations
  • Psychological explanations
  • Sociocultural explanations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are two examples of pharmacological treatments?

A
  • anti depressants (SSRIs)

- mood stabilisers e.g. lithium, sodium valporate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are two examples of psychological treatments?

A
  • cognitive behavioural therapy

- interperosnal psychotherapy (IPT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the connection between bereavement and depression?

A

Depression is not diagnosed if precipitated by and occurring within six months of bereavement of some sort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Major depressive episode: 5 or more of the following over a 2 week period, at least one depressed mood or diminished interest in activities, and….

A
  • significant weight loss or gain
  • insomnia or hypersomnia
  • psychomotor agitation
  • fatigue
  • feelings of worthlessness
  • diminished ability to concentrate
  • recurrent thoughts of death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List major depressive specifiers

A
  • psychotic features
  • melancholic
  • mixed features
  • anxious distress
  • catatonic features
  • atypical features
  • peripartum onset
  • seasonal pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the prevalence of major depression?

A

Lifetime prevalence 16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prevalence of suicide

A

4 in 1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bipolar disorder 1

A

At least one manic episode has been experienced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bipolar disorder 2

A

At least one hypomanic episode and one depressive episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mixed features

A

When some level of mania and depression cooccur. Higher suicide risk because hopelessness associated with depression is backed up with the energy level and motivational drive of mania.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the theories of mood disorders

A
  • genes and heredity
  • physiological explanations
  • psychological explanations
  • sociocultural explanations
  • existential explanations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe genes and heredity as a model of mood disorders

A
  • mood disorders have genetic component
  • bipolar disorder seems to share genetic overlap with schizophrenia
  • mood disorders and anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe physiological explanations as a model of mood disorders

A
  • neurotransmitter functioning and sensitivity (serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine)
18
Q

Describe psychological explanations as a model of mood disorders

A
  • stress and trauma
  • negative cognitive triad
  • learned helplessness
  • manic defence hypothesis
  • dysfunctional reward sensitivity
19
Q

Describe sociocultural explanations as a model of mood disorders

A
  • gender bias due to society’s sexism
  • tendency for women to internalise responses, men externalise
  • emotion focused coping vs. problem focused
20
Q

Describe existential explanations as a model of mood disorders

A

There are aspects of modern life that cause conflicts for people and these can lead to depression

21
Q

List the ways of conceptualising unipolar depression

A
  • depression as lived experience
  • depression as illness
  • diathesis stress weighting
  • diagnostic heterogeneity
22
Q

List the ways of conceptualising bipolar disorder

A
  • separable traits

- importance of recurrence

23
Q

What is the ‘manic defence hypothesis’ (as a psychological explanation of mood disorders)

A

Mania evolved as a compensatory mechanism as depression is highly maladaptive

24
Q

What is the ‘dysfunctional reward sensitivity’ (as a psychological explanation of mood disorders)

A

Mania is a response to hyper-activated reward sensitivity, while depression is a response to obstructed reward sensitivity

25
Q

Hypomanic episode

A

An attenuated state of mania where similar symptoms are present, but to a lesser extent and duration. Symptoms only present for four days and episode not severe enough for impairment or hospitalisation.

26
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A
  • numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria
  • symptoms continue for at least 2 years
  • present more than 50% of the time and with no more than two months at a time without symptoms
  • criteria for full mood episodes must not be met
27
Q

Name the depressive disorders

A
  • major depressive episode/disorder

- dysthymia

28
Q

Name the bipolar disorders

A
  • manic episode
  • bipolar 1
  • bipolar 2
  • cyclothymic disorder
  • hypomanic episode
  • mixed features
29
Q

Mixed features

A

Some level of mania and depression

30
Q

Why does mixed features have a high suicide risk?

A

The hopelessness of depression is backed up with the energy level and motivational drive of mania

31
Q

Explain depression as a lived experience

A

Depression falls on a spectrum with normative experiences of sadness

32
Q

Explain depression as illness

A

Depression has a strong biological diathesis that drives the problem

33
Q

What is the opposite side of depression as illness?

A

Environnemental components are strong - people who get depressed usually have reasonable stressors to get depressed about

34
Q

Describe diathesis stress weighting

A

A spectrum of depression ranging from highly biological to highly situational

35
Q

Which treatment is best for biological depression

A

Medication

36
Q

Which treatment is best for situational depression

A

Psychotherapy

37
Q

Describe diagnostic heterogeneity

A

Depression viewed as a non specific psychological reaction to a whole range of stimuli

38
Q

What does the DSM not acknowledge when it comes to depression?

A
  • differences between who has had one and who has had 20 depressive episodes
  • differences in the weighting of biological diathesis vs. emotional stress
39
Q

Describe separable traits for bipolar

A

Can view mania vulnerability and depression vulnerability as separable traits in bipolar disorder

40
Q

What are some ‘common themes’ of mood disorders

A
  • focus on transient emotional states
  • states are viewed as episodic
  • importance of recurrence of symptoms
  • level of energy and activity cycle affected as strongly as emotional state is
41
Q

What are the four steps of a suicide risk assessment?

A

Intent, plan, timeline, means

Psychopathology/Models of Intervention (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions