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Psychopathology/Models of Intervention > Neurodevelopmental Disorders > Flashcards

Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

When are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed?

A

Infancy, childhood and adolescence

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2
Q

List the main neurodevelopmental disorders

A
  • ADHD
  • specific learning disorders
  • autism
  • intellectual disability
  • global developmental delay
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3
Q

What are the central features of ADHD?

A
  • inattentive
  • hyperactive
  • impulsive
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4
Q

What are the two categories of ADHD?

A
  • inattention

- hyperactivity/impulsivity

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of adults with ADHD?

A
  • lower level jobs
  • 2.5 years of education
  • more likely to be divorced
  • more likely to have substance abuse problems and antisocial personality disorder
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6
Q

Three disorders that have high comorbidity with ADHD

A
  • ODD
  • Conduct disorders
  • mood disorders
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7
Q

Define oppositional defiant disorder

A

Pattern of negative, defiant, disobedient and hostile behaviour towards authority

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8
Q

Define conduct disorder

A

Repeated serious violations of the rights of others or societal rules

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9
Q

What are the two major characteristics of autism?

A
  • communication and social interaction

- restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests of activities

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10
Q

What is Level 1 of severity for autism?

A

Requiring support

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11
Q

What is Level 2 of severity for autism?

A

Requiring substantial support

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12
Q

What is Level 3 of severity for autism?

A

Requiring very substantial support

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13
Q

How does autism affect social communication?

A
  • failure to develop age appropriate social relationships
  • joint attention
  • social interaction
  • deficits in nonverbal communication
  • prosody
  • echolalia
  • conversational impairments
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14
Q

Describe what is meant by restricted repetitive behaviour

A
  • restricted patterns
  • behaviours
  • interests
  • activities
  • maintenance of sameness
  • stereotyped and ritualistic behaviours
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15
Q

What is the prevalence of autism?

A
  • 1 in every 50 births
  • male to female 4.4. to 1
  • IQ interaction
  • 38% intellectual disabilities
  • occurs worldwide
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16
Q

List the historical views for causes of autism

A
  • failed parenting
  • lack of self awareness
  • limited self concept
  • behavioural correlates
17
Q

List the components of genetic cause of autism

A
  • familial component (20% risk of second child with autism)
  • genes on a number of chromosomes
  • oxytocin receptor genes
  • older parents increased risk
18
Q

List the neurobiological influences of autism

A
  • larger amygdala at birth
  • elevated cortisol
  • neuronal damage
  • fewer neurons
  • lower oxytocin
19
Q

Define intellectual disability

A

A disorder evident in childhood as significantly below average intellectual and adaptive functioning

20
Q

What are the 3 domains of difficulty in intellectual disability

A
  • conceptual (e.g. memory, language)
  • social (e.g. friend problems)
  • practical (personal care, jobs)
21
Q

Describe the IQ and prevalence for intellectual disability

A

IQ: 70-75 or below
Prevalence: 2% of population

22
Q

List some adaptive problems of intellectual disability

A
  • communication
  • self care
  • home living
  • work
  • academic skills
  • self-direction
23
Q

List in order the levels of severity of intellectual disability

A
  • mild
  • moderate
  • severe
  • profound
24
Q

What is the IQ level for mild intellectual disability?

A

50 or 55 to 70

25
Q

What is the IQ level for moderate intellectual disability?

A

35-40 to 50-55

26
Q

What is the IQ level for severe intellectual disability?

A

20-25 to 35-40

27
Q

What is the IQ level for profound intellectual disability?

A

Below 20-25

28
Q

List the 7 causal prenatal factors for intellectual disability

A
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
  • disease
  • chemicals
  • poor nutrition
  • lack of oxygen during birth
  • malnutrition
  • head injuries
29
Q

List 5 genetic influences for intellectual disability

A
  • multiple genes
  • chromosomal disorders
  • mitochondrial disorders
  • multiple genetic mutations
30
Q

What other syndromes can influence intellectual disability?

A
  • De novo disorders
  • tuberous sclerosis
  • phenylketonuria (PKU)
  • lesch-nyham syndrome
31
Q

Describe 5 characteristics of fragile x syndrome

A
  • learning disabilities
  • hyperactivity
  • short attention spans
  • gaze avoidance
  • preservative speech
32
Q

What are four ways to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders?

A
  • early detection
  • focus on child and family functioning
  • community based intervention
  • transdisciplinary team
33
Q

Why is failed parenting a historical view of autism?

A
  • perfectionistic, cold and aloof
  • higher economic status
  • higher IQ’s
34
Q

List and describe the four main causes of intellectual disability

A
  • environmental: e.g. deprivation or abuse
  • prenatal: e.g. exposure to disease or drugs in the womb
  • perinatal: difficulties during labor and delivery
  • postnatal: e.g. infections or head injury

Psychopathology/Models of Intervention (11 decks)

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