Cognitive-Behavioural Model Flashcards
What is the guiding principle of CBT?
People are disturbed not by what is happening, but how they perceive and understand it.
Describe the ABC model
Activating events have a direct effect on consequences, but also an indirect effect on our beliefs of the event
List the common attributes of CBT models
- collaborative relationship
- psychological distress as a causal outcome of cognitions
- self-statements and cognitions affect behaviour
- educational stance
- time limited
- homework tasks
Briefly describe principles of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
- irrational thoughts
- educating the client to help themselves
- self defeating beliefs sabotage growth
- responsibility and not indulging emotions
What does the REBT therapeutic process aim to achieve?
- unconditional self acceptance
- unconditional other acceptance
List three fundamental concepts about the Therapist Manner in REBT
- therapy is educational
- relationship between therapist and client is not central
- emphasis on responsibility and not indulging emotions
What are irrational beliefs?
Inflexible and absolute ways of thinking where preferences are mistaken for needs
What are the three core irrational beliefs?
- demanding love, approval, success and achievement
- demanding that others conform to your expectations
- demanding comfort
List the three REBT therapeutic techniques
- Cognitive techniques
- Emotional techniques
- Behavioural techniques
List examples of cognitive techniques for REBT
- rational disputation of beliefs (detect, debate, discriminate)
- adjusting language (self defeating speech)
- using humour
- self directed learning
List examples of emotional techniques for REBT
- rational-emotive imagery
- role playing
- shame attacking exercises
- forcefulness and vigour
List examples of behavioural techniques for REBT
- systematic desensitisation
- operant conditioning
- self management principles
- relaxation training
- modelling
Briefly describe principles of Cognitive Therapy (CT)
- flogical errors in negative, automatic thoughts
- process of self discovery
- aim for client to become their own therapist
- cognitive distortions
- neg. cog triad
What is the negative cognitive triad?
Negative views about:
- oneself
- the world
- the future
What are some common CT techniques?
- psychoeducation
- identification of negative, automatic thoughts
- identification of faulty inferences
- challenging negative thoughts
- behavioural experiments for faulty inferences
What are the similarities between CT and REBT?
- central role of cognitions in generating distress
- time limited and present focus
- educational and directive
- active role of client
What are some differences between CT and REBT?
- REBT more confrontational
- CT emphasises beliefs as dysfunctional rather than irrational
- importance of rapport in CT
- focus on personality in REBT
What are some criticisms of CBT?
- can be viewed as superficial
- can be confrontational
- less emphasis on emotional expression
- less emphasis on cause
Polarised thinking
Dichotomous reasoning; all or nothing
Arbitrary inferences
Jumping to conclusions, mind reading, fortune telling
Selective abstraction
Discounting the positives, mental filtering
Just world hypothesis
Fallacy of fairness
Emotional reasoning
When you’re upset, you think differently to when you’re happy
Overgeneralisation
Holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them to dissimilar events inappropriately
Magnification/minimisation
Perceiving a case or situation as in greater or lesser light than it truly deserves
Personalisation
Tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves with no basis
Labelling/mislabelling
Portraying one’s identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past defining one’s true identity
List some contributions of CBT models
- evidence based
- active client involvement
- practical and functional
- problem centred
- cost effective
