personality and PA Flashcards
1
Q
self knowledge- who am I?
A
- an understanding of who you are and how your personality works for you
- what makes you unique, sets you apart from others, i.e, motivations, values, interests, fears, etc
- there is no right or wrong- strengths and development areas
- helps to appreciate your traits, as well as different traits of others- what are your needs and what are others needs
2
Q
self knowledge- who am I? research
A
- researches have been interested in understanding the role PA has on self-concept (antecedents) and the role our personality has on PA (consequences)
- why are some more likely to workout?
- why this type of activity?
- why is this person able to have more sustained PA?
- working out in groups vs alone- why did they choose that?
- what have impacted our personality over development? in PA? does PA change us?
3
Q
perceptions of the self: who you are (personality core)
A
- motivations, values, interests
- conceptualized as unidimensional- now multidimensional (social, athletic, academic, physical, etc)
- role related to behaviour- variable, daily, situational
4
Q
self concept- your idea of who you are
A
- descriptions of self that base self-judgments upon
- helps to establish self-esteem and personal identity
5
Q
descriptive vs evaluative perceptions
A
- explanation with NO judgements
- judgement is passed; suggest good/bad
6
Q
personality defined
A
- underlying, relatively stable, psychological structures and processes that organize human experience and shape a person’s actions and reactions to the environment
- complex set of psychological qualities that influence an individuals characteristic pattern of behaviour across different situations and times
7
Q
what is personality?
A
- stable and enduring (emphasis on the person = predicable) i.e, trait
- emphasis is placed more on the person rather than the situation or environment
- dynamic and modifiable (variable over time)- helpful in learning (social/environmental inf.) - state
- states are the psychological reaction to the situation in which an individual finds him or herself
8
Q
interactionist approach
A
- both theories of personality used to both understand and predict behaviour
9
Q
personality theories
1. trait theory
A
- people differ based on stable attributes (called traits)
- characteristics lie on a continuum
- eg, the big five
10
Q
personality theories
2. type theory
A
- people can be sorted into categories (either one type or the other)
11
Q
personality traits defined (& related theories)
A
- thoughts, feelings, behaviour, emanate from inside the person (not the situation)
- three related theories:
1. Eysenck’s personality theory
2. cattell’s personality theory
3. five factor model
12
Q
dimensions of eysenck’s personality theory
- extraversion
A
- outgoing, sociable, optimistic, etc
- driven by level of cortical arousal in cortex of brain
- extroverts- lower base level activation, seek further stimulation, high pain tolerance
13
Q
dimensions of eysenck’s personality theory
- introversion
A
- reticular formation mediates cortical arousal
- introverts: higher base level activation, avoid further stimulation, low pain tolerance
14
Q
dimensions of eysenck’s personality theory
- neuroticism
A
- tense, anxious, moody, etc
- high N- more labile, longer-lasting, ANS reactions
- high N- continues to process stressor even when it is no longer present
- ANS drives fight or flight response
15
Q
dimensions of eysenck’s personality theory
-stability
A
- calm, even-tempered, etc
16
Q
dimensions of eysenck’s personality theory
- psychoticism
A
- impulsive, agressive, hostile, etc
- driven by hormonal function and our neurotransmitters
- increased androgen (testosterone, relative absence of serotonin)
- lead to heightened aggressiveness, impersonal attitudes and antisocial behaviour
17
Q
dimensions of eysenck’s personality theory
- superego
A
- empathetic, cooperative, altruistic
18
Q
eysenck’s framework and exercise - extroversion
A
- exercise increased stimulation- exercise adoption/adherence
- higher pain tolerance- preferred for higher intensity activity
- overall greater likelihood of PA
19
Q
eysenck’s framework and exercise- neuroticism
A
- exercise- more stable, less neurotic personality
20
Q
Cattle (16 PF)
A
- higher fitness- lower emotionality would allow for higher fitness
- exercise- reduced emotionality
21
Q
Big Five Factor: what are the 5?
A
OCEAN
- openness to experience
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
22
Q
Big Five: extraversion
A
- talkative, energetic, and assertive vs quiet, reserved and shy
23
Q
Big Five: agreeableness
A
- sympathetic, kind, and affectionate versus cold, quarrelsome, and cruel
24
Q
Big Five: conscientiousness
A
- organized, responsible, and cautious versus careless, frivolous, and irresponsible
25
Big Five: neuroticism
- stable, calm, and contented versus anxious, unstable and temperamental
26
Big Five: openness to experience
- creative, intellectual, and open-minded versus simple, shallow and unintelligent
27
big five- research shows:
- E,C, N are most predictive of exercise bx
- increased E and C = adherence to PA
- increased N= lower levels of adherence
- small correlates
-
28
Big Five: activity trait
- not sure if it changes- it is amenable
| - currently, parts of extraversion
29
Big Five: industriousness-ambition
- trait from conscientiousness
30
Big Five: intensity preference and intensity tolerance
- why do people choose the exercise/sport they do and why can some people tolerate or enjoy different intensities
31
type personality- biological theories - fluid
- Ancient Greek theory of humors--> more fluid a more discernible personality
32
type personality- biological theories- more blood
- more blood= "sanguine" or cheerful, optimistic
33
type personality- biological theories- more yellow bile
- "choleric" or irritable/excitable
34
type personality- biological theories- more black bile
- "melancholic" or depressed
35
type personality- biological theories- more phlegm
- "phlegmatic" or apathetic/indifferent, slow, shy
36
biological theories- constitutional theory
- individuals possess certain somatotypes (body types)
| - predisposition a body type = behaved accordingly
37
biological theories- ectomorph
- linearity, tallness, leanness
Cerebrotonia
- tense
- introverted
- socially restrained
- inhibited
38
biological theories- endomorph
- plumpness, fatness, roundness
visceratonia
- affectionate
- sociable
- relaxed
- jovial
39
biological theories- mesomorph
- inverted triangle, athletic body
somatotonia
- adventurous
- risk-taking
- dominant
- aggressive
- commanding
40
personality type- carl jung
- Jung did not believe that human diversity was random- there are patterns
- classifies individuals along 4 theoretically independent dimensions or types
41
personality type- carl jung: 4 dimensions/types
- attitudes
- perceptual processes
- decision-making
- life orientation or life-style
42
attitudes dimension
- energizing yourself
43
perceptual processes dimension
- taking in info, not everyone takes it in the same way
44
decision-making dimension
- interpreting what you perceive
45
life orientation or lifestyle
- dealing with external world
46
the attitudes- what energizes us? extraversion
- active, sociable, breadth of interests, focus on outer world, get stimulation from it, prefer breadth
47
the attitudes- what energizes us? introversion
- reflective, private, depth of interests, focus on inner world
48
the perceptual processes. what does it do?
perceptual processes deals with what we pay attention to and how we gather data
49
the perceptual processes: sensing
sensing: routine, factual, detailed, practical, grounded in the present
- "just the facts please" or "I can see how that happened"
50
the perceptual processes: intuiting
intuiting: innovative, imaginative, likes variety, looks to future possibilities, sees bigger picture connections
51
the decision-making processes: thinking
thinking: objective, rational, impersonal, firm, just, relies on cognition- cause and effect relationships
52
the decision-making processes: feeling
feeling: subjective, emotive, personal, compassionate, humane, relies on heart, seeks harmony
53
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life orientation (deals with external reality)
- judging
```
judging: structured, planned, decisive, ordered, scheduled
54
life orientation (deals with external reality)- perceiving
perceiving: flexible, responsive, tentative, adaptive, spontaneous
55
4 dimensions= 16 types - 16 MBTI types
- 16 MBTI types- how may they influence exercise? proper exercise modality to fit personality?
56
4 dimensions= 16 types
| - ESTJ, ESFJ
- prefer structure, routine, and proven methods
57
4 dimensions= 16 types
| - ENTP, ENFP
- want fast paced, no wasting time, attracted to new ideas and possibilities
58
4 dimensions= 16 types
| - ESTP, ESFP
- quick responders, live int he moment, like to have exercise goals
59
4 dimensions= 16 types
| - ENTJ, ENFJ
- loose envisioned plan, like variety, like functionality, positive environment
60
resilience
- resilience is the positive capacity of people to cope with stress and future negative events through protective skills
61
three C's of resilience
- commitment
- control
- challenge
62
evaluating personality theories
| - advantages
- describes peoples personalities
| - either genotypic or phenotypic
63
evaluating personality theories
| - disadvantages
- don't explain how behaviour generated and personality develops
- only portrays a static view of personality
