leadership

Question 1

what is leadership? - stogdill

Answer 1

• the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement

Question 2

what is leadership?- barrow

Answer 2

• described leadership as the “behavioural processes of influencing individuals and groups toward set goals”

Question 3

what is leadership? - bass

Answer 3

im chuck bass.

• leadership occurs when one group member modifies the motivation or competencies of others in the group. any member of the group can exhibit some amount of leadership

Question 4

key components of definition of leadership

Answer 4

• an interpersonal, reciprocal, transactional process between one person and a group
• there is influence (cognitive, emotional, behavioural)
• can’t have ‘leaders’ without ‘followers= followership
• criterion for effective leadership= goal achievement
• leadership is dynamic- it involves the leader, followers, and the situation, (always changing)

Question 5

transformational leadership

Answer 5

• is a leadership style that inspires positive change

- i.e., thoughts, feelings, behaviours of followers

Question 6

transformational leadership: 4 general strategies

Answer 6

1. inspirational motivation
2. idealized influence
3. intellectual stimulation
4. individualized consideration

Question 7

1. inspirational motivation

Answer 7

ability to motivate others through emotions- vision for the future, optimism, hope

Question 8

2. idealized influence

Answer 8

• eliciting respect from others- conviction, commitment, purpose

Question 9

3. intellectual stimulation

Answer 9

• new ways of thinking and doing things- developing intellectual needs

Question 10

4. individualized consideration

Answer 10

• consider followers needs, abilities, aspirations

Question 11

leadership and PA research

Answer 11

• research on the influence of PA leader qualities

- powerful influence on participants - SS on many levels (providing encouragement, praise, reinforcement, enthusiasm)

Question 12

leadership and PA research: autonomy supportive

Answer 12

• sensitive to the needs of class members, preferences of class members, providing opportunities
• fitness leaders (i.e., personal trainers, strength and conditioning coshes, group instructors) are often cited as the single most important determinant of adherence to exercise

Question 13

leadership and PA research:

- research- PA leaders on attitudes and adherence

Answer 13

• early research = equivocal

- leader theory= essential –> only small influence

Question 14

PA leaders and adherence: assessed

Answer 14

assessed:
- intention to return to similar class
- enjoyment of class session

Question 15

PA leaders and adherence: results

Answer 15

• increased enjoyment: enriched leadership and ground environment
• increased intention: group environment , regardless of the leadership style

Question 16

leader’s effects on thoughts &feelings: socially enriched vs bland leader (enriched)

Answer 16

enriched:
- increases enhanced mood states
- revitalization, positive engagement/enthusiasm, tranquility/less exercise fatigue
- increase impact on self-efficacy/self-confidence
- greater intention to join an exercise class in the future

Question 17

PA leaders & adherence: experiment - 4 exercise conditions

Answer 17

leadership style: socially enriched

• use participant’s names
• specific instructions
• encourage before and after a skill or mistake

group environment socially enriched

• respond to all questions leader directs to group
• introduce selves to others as soon as arrive in class
• provide encouragement to the group as a whole
• trained confederate help create environment