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sport psychology > lecture 1- intro > Flashcards

lecture 1- intro Flashcards

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1
Q

what is psychology

A
  • the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes (cognitive and emotions)
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2
Q

what is physical activity

A
  • any body movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase over the resting energy expenditure
  • includes exercise, work, leisure activity, sport
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3
Q

what is physical fitness

A
  • person’s ability to perform PA
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4
Q

what is exercise

A
  • is a form of leisure time physical activity- it is planned, structured, and repetitive form of PA designed to improve/maintain fitness
  • conform to recommended frequency, intensity and duration to achieve
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5
Q

what is exercise science

A
  • is the multidisciplinary, scientific study of movement (including sport, exercise, fitness and rehab)
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6
Q

what is exercise psychology

A
  • is the application of psychological principles to promote, maintain, enhance and explain the consequences of exercise
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7
Q

what is health

A
  • human condition with physical, social and psychological dimensions, each characterized by a continuum with positive and negative poles
  • positive development: PA, exercise, proper diet, not smoking
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8
Q

what is active living

A
  • a way of life in which physical activity is valued and integrated into daily life
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9
Q

exercise psychology- primary interest

A
  • primary interest is link between mental and physical health (psychology and exercise science/kinesiology)
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10
Q

exercise psychology- special interest areas

A
  • problem focused (cognitive) vs emotion focused coping and health
  • hardiness and disease risk/resistance
  • psychological benefits of exercise/health promotion
  • the adherence of exercise based on personality
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11
Q

objectives of exercise psychology #1

A
  • to understand how psychological factors affect an individual’s performance (ex; the promotion and maintenance of physical activity)
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12
Q

objectives of exercise psychology #2

A
  • to understand how participation in sport and exercise effects one’s psychological development, health, and well-being. (ex; the consequences of physical activity)
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13
Q

psychology and kinesiology

A
  • individual’s thoughts, emotions and attitudes
  • human behaviour
  • exercise science (sport, exercise, rehab)
  • social factors that influence the above
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14
Q

social facilitation

A
  • people improve performance when others were around

- Normal Triplett - research completed by cyclists- racing against others improved speed vs clock racing

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15
Q

social psychological orientation - assumptions

A
  • assumption is behaviour is determined by interchange between person and their environment
  • family
  • important others
  • other exercisers
  • cohesion
  • leadership
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16
Q

PA and psychology: the field

A
  • dates back to ancient greeks (over 3000 years)
  • industrial revolution- value of fitness
  • a brief history of a young field
17
Q

PA and psychology: factors that delayed development

A
  1. sport
  2. uncertain PA: health/wellness link
  3. treatment vs prevention
18
Q

PA and Psychology - dates

A
  • 1970-1980’s “fitness craze”, popularity of aerobics and weight training
  • not until late 1980’s that exercise psychology became an accepted sub discipline of sport psychology
19
Q

PA and Psychology: recent shifts in perception of exercise

A
  • it can help reduce heightened levels of stress

- individuals can play an active role in maintaining/improving their health

20
Q

sport psychology split up over the years

A

sport psychology split into

  1. health psychology
  2. exercise psychology
  3. sport psychology
21
Q

exercise vs sport psychology: exercise

A
  • non-elite
  • non-competitive motives for participants
  • focus is often on participation
22
Q

exercise vs sport psychology: sport

A
  • elite athletic performance
  • competitive performance
  • focus on performance
23
Q

what roles do exercise/sport psychologists do?

A
  • research role
  • teaching role
  • consulting role
  • policy making/advocating role
24
Q

related fields: rehab psychology

A
  • relationship between psychological factors and the physical rehabilitation process and its impact on an individual’s well-being
25
Q

related fields: health psychology/public health

A
  • psychological processes related to health and illness/health care (nutrition, smoking and cessation)
26
Q

PA guidelines: children and adolescents (6-17 years old)

A
  • 60 mins or more daily
  • age appropriate
  • include 3 types of activity

aerobic: mod & vig, majority of PA time (vig 3+ days/week)

muscle strengthening: 3+ days/week

27
Q

PA guidelines: adults

A
  • accumulation perspective (10-15 min segments)
  1. mod intensity aerobic- 2.5hours (150 mins) every week
    AND
  2. muscle strengthening: 2+ days a week (all muscle groups)

OR
1. vig intensity aerobic for 75 mins a week
AND
2. muscle strengthening 2+ days/week

older adults over 65 are also urged for 150mins of mod to vig intensity aerobic activity a week

28
Q

to what extent are people physically active?

A
  • 94% of US surveyed knows the benefits of exercise
  • incidence of regular PA participation is lower than earlier
  • only 1 of 13 PA and fitness objectives proposed was actually met
  • -> started in 1990 and report released in 2000 and 2010 and 2020
29
Q

does society in general avoid PA?

A
  • industrialized nations- few regularly active
  • 40-50% = not sufficiently active
  • 52% for Australia, 49% for US and 43% for Canadians
  • there have been some increases in activity but #’s are still too high for inactivity
30
Q

perceived barriers?

A
  • PA as a punishment/unpleasant sensation form of Vig activity
  • lack of enjoyment
  • possible injury
  • lack of knowledge
  • lack of confidence
  • lack of social support
  • lack of time
  • lack of improvement
  • conveyance/environmental
31
Q

Behaviour Change and Psychology

A
  • trying to motivate people to change their lifestyle is not an easy task
  • people are complex, so it is a challenge to change people’s cognitions and behaviours when it comes to a physically fit lifestyle
  • a medical model is not enough (Obesity is a disease)
  • biopsychosocial model
32
Q

can our behaviour change? looking at psychological antecedents

A
  • psychological antecedents of exercise behaviour
    1. adoption- beginning stages of exercise
  1. adherence: maintaining of exercise
  2. noncompliance- non-adherence to objectives, set out by knowledge given
33
Q

are people aware of benefits of PA? - beliefs of active vs inactive individuals

A
  • belief of active vs inactive individuals = same
  • exercise/PA can be used to :
  • control weight
  • be more healthy
  • relieve tension
  • improve physical appearance
  • feel better
  • meet people
  • helps fill free time, improves mental performance

sport psychology (8 decks)

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